THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


.  0.  BAKLff 
U 


A  TEXT  BOOK 

ON 

THE  DE  VERE  SYSTEM 

OF 

SHORTHAND 


A  course  or  practical  lessons  simpli- 
fied for  self  instruction,  and  adapted 
for  use  in  Public  Schools,  Business 
Colleges,  and  Private  Teachers 

By 

A.  T.  DeVERE-M.  BOLET 


Published  by 

THE   DEVERE    SHORTHAND 
PUBLISHING    &    SUPPLY    CO. 

(Incorporated) 

25  WEST  42ND  STREET 
NEW  YORK  CITY 


ALL  RIGHTS  RESERVED. 

infringements  will  be  prosecuted  to  the  full 
extent  of  the  law. 


COPYRIGHT,  1914. 
(United  States  and   England) 

By 
A.  T.  DE  VERE  — M.  BOLET. 


fc? 


PREFACE 


THE  DE  VERE  SYSTEM  is  an  entirely  new  departure 
in  the  method  of  writing  and  reading  shorthand. 

Differing  from  all  other  systems  of  shorthand,  it  teaches 
to  write  and  read  words  by  syllable.  The  pupil  is  not  con- 
fused by  rules  and  exceptions,  but  is  taught  to  write  and 
read  shorthand  from  the  first  lesson,  exactly  as  it  has  been 
used  by  the  author  for  twenty-two  years  in  professional 
work,  as  an  expert  shorthand  reporter,  secretary,  and  teacher. 

By  the  DE  VERE  SYSTEM  every  syllable  has  a  cor- 
responding sign  in  shorthand.  The  pupil  memorizes  syllables 
instead  of  separate  letters,  or  groups  of  letters.  These  syl- 

..    lables  are  joined,  forming  words.     This  is  the  foundation  of 

%   the  DE  VERE  SYSTEM. 

Every  spoken  word  is  made  up  of  one  or  more  distinct 
05    syllables.     No  one  speaks  a  word  without  giving  utterance  to 
some  syllable.    When  we  say  "pit"  we  do  not  name  the  three 
13    letters  "p,  i,  t,"  but  we  give  the  sound  of  the  three  blended 
together,  as  one  syllable.     By  the  DE  VERE  SYSTEM  the 
^    word  "pit"  is  recognized  as  one  syllable,  and  learned  in  its 
'    entirety,  instead  of  learning  the  three  separate  letters  of  which 
«*    the  word  is  composed.     This  is  just  as  easy  as  to  resort  to 
^    the  old,  cumbersome  method  of  picking  out  the  three  sepa- 
rate characters. 

With  the  time-wasting  old  shorthand  alphabet,  a  pupil 
oJ    was  considered  "bright"  that  could  master  the  sounds  of  the 
letters,  rules,  and  exceptions,  and  complete  a  course  in  short- 
f    hand  within  six  months. 

Tt  has  been  demonstrated  by  a  large  number  of  success- 
ful graduates  that  shorthand  can  be  learned  by  the  DE  VERE 
METHOD  in  much  less  time,  advancement  from  the  start 
being  far  more  rapid.  No  rules  to  confuse. 

Writing  by  syllable  is  the  key  that  unlocks  the  secret  of 
success  in  the  shorthand  profession  to  all. 

A.  T.  DE  VERE. 
New  York  City,  December,  1913. 


448399 


Letter   From   a  TKree   Months'    Graduate 

[n] 

Thanks  to  the  DE  VERE  SYSTEM 
of  Shorthand,  my  start  in  the  Secretarial  field 
has  been  delightful.  So  thorough  is  the  method, 
that  I  have  absolutely  no  trouble  in  taking 
and  transcribing  the  most  difficult  work,  which 
fact  has  enabled  me  to  act  as  private  executive 
as  well  as  social  secretary.  This  entails  taking 
shorthand  notes  from  the  foremost  financiers, 
statesmen,  social  leaders,  et  cetera. 

I  am  rapidly  reaching  the  "top  of  the 
ladder,"  and  the  highest-point  of  success  does 
not  seem  an  impossible  feat  with  the  De  Vere 
System  as  a  foundation. 

(Signed)   EDITH  TERRY, 

Social   Secretarv. 


<Ikc  DE  VERB 
System  of  Shorthand 


LESSON   ONE 

SHORTHAND  is  the  art  of  writing  by  sound.  By 
the  DE  VERE  SYSTEM  of  shorthand  words  are  written  by 
syllables  instead  of  letter  by  letter  as  they  are  in  longhand. 


Each  syllable  has  a  corresponding  sign  in  short- 
hand that  stands  for  the  way  it  is  pronounced  in  a  word. 
Words  are  reproduced  in  shorthand  exactly  as  they  sound 
when  spoken  in  the  course  of  conversation,  the  spelling  of 
a  word  having  nothing  whatever  to  do  with  the  way  it  is 
written  in  shorthand. 


To  write  a  word  in  shorthand  by  the  De  Vere  System 
the  word  should  be  pronounced  in  syllables.  Write 
the  shorthand  character  that  stands  for  the  first  syllable  in 
the  word,  then  the  stroke  that  represents  the  sound  of  the 
next  syllable,  joining  the  strokes  that  stand  for  the  syllables, 
the  second  one  commencing  where  the  preceding  one  ends, 
writing  the  entire  word  without  stopping  at  the  end  of  syl- 
lables or  raising  the  pencil  from  the  paper. 


The  student  must  understand  clearly  that  shorthand  is 
a  reproduction  of  spoken  words.  The  ear  must  be  trained  to 
hear  words  as  they  sound  when  spoken  quickly,  not  as  they 
sound  when  pronounced  slowly  and  clearly,  syllable  by 
syllable. 

In  ordinary  conversation  many  vowels  and  even  some 
consonants  are  slurred  and  obscure.  Many  beginners  make 
the  error  of  trying  to  reproduce  in  shorthand  the  exact  vowel 
sounds  heard  in  a  word  when  it  is  correctly  pronounced.  Do 
not  attempt  to  do  this,  for  exact  vowel  sounds  are  very  rarely 
heard.  Compare  the  syllables  "er"  in  "pardoner"  and  "or" 
in  the  word  "honor." 

All  shorthand  syllables  are  pronounced  with  the  sound 
of  short  vowels.  Pronounce  the  consonant  sounds  in  a  syl- 
lable clearly — but  touch  lightly  on  the  vowel  sounds — for 
the  vowels  will  take  care  of  themselves. 

In  order  to  indicate  as  near  as  possible  the  accented  vowel 
in  the  first  syllable  of  a  word,  the  shorthand  characters  repre- 
senting-syllables  are  placed  in  different  positions.  The  first 
position  is  above  the  line;  the  second  position  is  on  the  line; 
the  third  position  is  below  the  line. 

The  pronunciation  of  the  first  syllable  of  a  word  deter- 
mines the  position  the  entire  word  should  be  written  in.  If 
a  word  commences  with  a  first  position  syllable,  write  the  first 
syllable  in  its  proper  position  above  the  line,  the  syllables 
following  joined  without  regard  to  position. 

If  a  word  commences  with  a  second  position  syllable,  the 
entire  word  is  written  in  the  second  position. 

All  words  commencing  with  vowel  sounds  are  written  in 
the  third  position. 

PROPER  names,  or  words  commencing  with  capital  let- 
ters are  indicated  by  two  small  ditto  marks  written  under 
the  word. 

All  shorthand  strokes  should  be  of  the  same  length.  Ver- 
tical and  slanting  strokes  are  written  downward,  and  hori- 
zontal strokes  are  written  from  left  to  right. 

The  syllables  "ri"  and  "hi"  are  the  only  slanting  strokes 
written  upward. 


SHORTHAND     SYLLABLES     EXPRESSED     BY 
STRAIGHT  AND  SLANTING  STROKES. 

(Give  short  vowel  accent  to  all  syllables.) 
FIRST  POSITION  SYLLABLES. 

pi        bi        ti        di        chi        ji        ki        gi        ri        hi 
\         \        1          I         /         / /      S 


SECOND  POSITION  SYLLABLES, 
pe       be       te       de       cha       ja       ka       ga       re      ha 


\___A-L-J. 


THIRD  POSITION  SYLLABLES, 
ep        eb        et        ed        ech        ej        ek        eg        iri 


The  pronunciation  of  the  first  syllable  in  a  word  deter- 
mines its  position.  Syllables  following  are  joined  without 
regard  to  position,  and  pronounced  as  follows: 

pi,  pa  hi,  ba  ti,  ta  di,  da  chi,  cha 

.___\ \ 1 I Z_ 

ji,  ja         ki,  ka          ge,  ga          ra,  ry  ^      ha,  he 


WORDS  WRITTEN  BY  SYLLABLES. 

Words       (Written  phonetically)  Words       (Written  phonetically) 

pity          pi-ti L *-  charity    cha-ri-ti 

Eddie      cd-di _J rarity      ra-ri-ti 


rickety    ri-ka-ti egg         eg  __ 

chatty     cha-ti S_ . carry       ka-ri 

9 


HOW  TO  WRITE  WORDS  IN  SHORTHAND. 

The  beginner  should  spend  much  time  in  outlining  words 
orally,  and  writing  them  in  shorthand  by  sound,  paying  no 
attention  to  the  number  of  letters  a  word  may  contain. 

Pronounce  a  word  in  syllables,  and  use  the  sign  that 
stands  for  each  syllable.  For  example,  take  the  word  "pity" ; 
it  is  a  word  of  two  syllables,  pronounced  "pi-ty."  The  first 
syllable  of  the  word  is  "pi,"  which  is  a  first  position  syllable, 
thereby  placing  the  word  in  the  first  position.  The  syllable 
must  be  written  so  that  it  ends  above  the  line,  which  indicates 
the  position  of  the  word.  The  second  syllable,  "ty,"  com- 
mences where  the  first  syllable,  "pi,"  ends,  and  continues 
down,  the  same  length  as  the  syllable  "pi."  It  does  not  mat- 
ter if  the  syllable  "ti"  in  the  word  "pity"  touches  the  line, 
because  the  first  downward  syllable  in  the  word  ends  or  rests 
in  the  position  the  word  should  occupy,  and  all  other  syllables 
simply  follow  in  their  natural  direction. 

Words  that  commence  with  horizontal  strokes  should 
be  written  so  that  the  first  downward  stroke  that  follows  the 
horizontal  stroke  ends  or  rests  in  the  position  of  the  first 
syllable.  As  an  example:  The  name  "Kitty"  is  a  first  posi- 
tion word,  because  its  first  syllable  is  a  first  position  syllable. 
As  "ki"  is  expressed  by  a  horizontal  stroke,  it  should  be 
written  high  enough  to  allow  the  first  downward  stroke  that 
follows  to  end  above  the  line,  in  order  to  show  that  the  word 
is  a  first  position  word. 

The  word  "petty"  is  a  two  syllable  word,  pronounced 
"pe-ty."  The  first  syllable,  "pe,"  is  a  second  position  syllable, 
which  places  the  word  in  the  second  position.  The  syllable 
"pe"  is  therefore  written  so  that  it  touches  or  ends  at  the  line, 
and  the  following  syllable,  "ty,"  commences  where  "pe"  ends, 
extends  below  the  line. 

The  word  "charity"  is  a  three  syllable  word,  pronounced 
"cha-ri-ty."  The  first  syllable,  "cha,"  is  a  second  position 
syllable,  which  places  the  word  in  the  second  position.  The 
syllable  "cha"  therefore  ends  at  the  line;  the  next  syllable, 
"ri,"  is  an  upward  stroke,  commencing  where  the  syllable 
"cha"  ends,  and  extends  upward  the  same  length  as  "cha," 
and  is  followed  by  the  syllable  "ty,"  which  is  written  down- 
ward, commencing  where  "ri"  ends,  and  extends  to  the  line. 


10 


Syllables  are  always  written  in  their  regular  direction 
no  matter  where  they  may  occur  in  a  word.  Care  must  be 
used  in  observing-  that  the  first  downward  stroke  in  a  word 
ends  in  the  position  the  word  should  occupy. 

The  word  "ditty"  is  a  two  syllable  word.  The  first  syl- 
lable, "di,"  is  a  first  position  syllable,  and  is  therefore  written 
so  that  it  ends  above  the  line ;  the  second  syllable,  "ty,"  com- 
mences where  the  syllable  "di"  ends,  and  extends  to  the  line ; 
it  is  written  in  the  same  direction  as  the  syllable  "di,"  the 
difference  being  "di"  is  made  heavy,  and  "ty"  is  made  light. 
The  word  should  be  written  by  one  stroke  of  the  pencil. 

The  name  "Eddie"  is  a  third  position  word,  because  it 
commences  with  a  vowel.  The  first  syllable,  "ed,"  is  a  down- 
ward stroke,  and  should  be  written  one-half  above  the  line, 
and  half  below  the  line,  in  order  that  it  may  end  in  the  third 
position,  which  is  below  the  line.  The  second  syllable  com- 
mences where  preceding  one  ends,  continuing  its  proper  length 
downward. 

The  word  "rarity"  is  a  word  of  three  syllables,  pro- 
nounced "ra-ri-ty."  The  first  syllable,  "ra,"  is  a  second  posi- 
tion syllable ;  it  therefore  begins  on  the  line,  and  is  written 
with  an  upward  slanting  stroke.  The  second  syllable  is  also 
"ri,"  and  continues  upward.  The  last  syllable,  "ti,"  begins 
where  the  second  syllable,  "ri,"  ends,  and  is  written  down- 
ward, the  length  of  one  stroke,  ending  parallel  with  the  be- 
ginning of  the  second  syllable,  "ri." 

The  word  "carry"  begins  with  a  horizontal  stroke.  As  the 
syllable  "ka"  is  a  second  position  syllable,  it  is  written  on  the 
line,  the  syllable  "ry"  commencing  where  the  syllable  "ka" 
ends. 

The  word  "egg"  is  a  word  of  one  syllable,  written  with 
the  syllable  "eg,"  entirely  below  the  line. 

Words  composed  of  horizontal  strokes  are  written  en- 
tirely above,  on,  or  below  the  line,  according  to  the  position 
of  their  first  syllable. 

A  shorthand  period  is  expressed  by  a  small  cross  or  x. 

The  proper  length  of  a  shorthand  stroke  is  one-sixth  of 
an  inch. 

ii 


PRONUNCIATION  OF  SYLLABLES. 


FIRST  POSITION  SYLLABLES. 

The  syllable  "pi"  is  pronounced  as  heard  in  the  word 
"pity";  it  is  also  pronounced  "po,"  as  heard  in  the  word  "pot- 
tery." The  syllable  "bi"  is  pronounced  as  heard  in  the 
word  "biddy";  it  is  also  pronounced  "bo,"  as  heard  in  the 
word  "body." 

The  syllable  "ti"  is  pronounced  like  the  last  syllable  of 
the  word  "pity" ;  it  is  also  pronounced  "to,"  as  in  the  word 
"toddy."  The  syllable  "di"  is  pronounced  as  in  the  word  "ditty" ; 
it  is  also  pronounced  "do,"  as  in  the  word  "docket." 

The  syllable  "chi"  is  pronounced  as  in  the  word  "chic- 
ory"; it  is  also  pronounced  "cho,"  as  in  the  word  "choppy." 
The  syllable  "ji"  is  pronounced  as  heard  in  the  word  "jiffy" ; 
it  is  also  pronounced  "jo,"  as  heard  in  the  word  "jockey." 

The  syllable  "ki"  is  pronounced  as  heard  in  the  word 
"Kittie";  it  is  also  pronounced  "ko,"  as  heard  in  the  word 
"copy."  The  syllable  "gi"  is  pronounced  as  heard  in  the  word 
"giddy";  it  is  also  pronounced  "go,"  as  heard  in  the  word 
"bigotry." 

The  syllable  "ri"  is  pronounced  as  heard  in  the  word 
"rickety";  it  is  also  pronounced  "ro,"  as  in  the  word  "rocky." 

The  syllable  "hi"  is  pronounced  as  heard  in  the  word 
"hideous."' 

SECOND  POSITION  SYLLABLES. 

The  syllable  "pe"  is  also  pronounced  "pa,"  "pu,"  "poo," 
as  heard  in  the  words  "petty,"  "puddy,"  "parody,"  and 
"poorly." 

The  syllable  "be"  is  also  pronounced  "bu,"  "ba,"  as  heard 
in  the  words  "Betty,"  "bucket,"  "barricade." 

The  syllable  "te"  is  also  pronounced  "ta,"  "tu,"  as  heard 
in  the  words  "Teddy,"  "tabby,"  "tunnel." 

The  syllable  "de"  is  also  pronounced  "du,"  and  "da,"  as 
heard  in  the  words  "dedicate,"  "duchy,"  and  "daddy." 


The  syllable  "che"  is  also  pronounced  "cha"  and  "chu," 
as  heard  in  the  words  "cherub,"  "charity,"  and  "chubby." 

The  syllable  "je"  is  also  pronounced  "ja,"  and  "ju,"  as 
heard  in  the  words  "jetty,"  "jacket,"  and  "jugular." 

The  syllable  "ke"  is  also  pronounced  "ka,"  "cu,"  and 
"coo,"  as  heard  in  the  words  "Kelly,"  "caddie,"  "cutlet,"  and 
"cooperage." 

The  syllable  "ge"  is  also  pronounced  "ga,"  "gu,"  "goo," 
as  heard  in  the  words  "garage,"  "gulley,"  and  "goodies." 

The  syllable  "re"  is  also  pronounced  "ra,"  "ru,"  and 
"roc,"  as  heard  in  the  words  "ready,"  "radish,"  "ruddy,"  and 
"rookery." 

THIRD  POSITION  SYLLABLES. 

The  syllable  "ep"  is  also  pronounced  "ap,"  "up,"  "op," 
"ip,"  as  heard  in  the  words  "epithet,"  "appetite,"  "opera," 

and  "upright." 

The  syllable  "eb"  is  also  pronounced  "ab,"  "ob,"  "ib," 
as  heard  in  the  words  "ebb,"  "abdicate,"  and  "obdurate." 

The  syllable  "et"  is  also  pronounced  "it,"  "at,"  "ut,"  "ot," 
as  heard  in  the  words  "etiquette,"  "atlas,"  "Otto,"  and  "utter." 

The  syllable  "ed"  is  also  pronounced  "ad,"  "od,"  "ud," 
as  heard  in  the  words  "Eddie,"  "admit,"  "odd,"  and  "udder." 

The  syllable  "ech"  is  also  pronounced  "ich,"  as  heard  in 
the  words  "etch,"  "itch." 

The  syllable  "ej"  is  also  pronounced  "aj,"  as  heard  in  the 
words  "edge,"  "agitate." 

The  syllable  "ek"  is  also  pronounced  "ak,"  "ok,"  as  heard 
in  the  words  "echo,"  "acrobat,"  and  "October." 

The  syllable  "eg"  is  also  pronounced  "ag,"  "og,"  "ug," 
as  heard  in  the  words  "egg,"  "agony,"  and  "ugly." 

The  syllable  "eri"  is  also  pronounced  "ari,"  "ori,"  and 
"iri,"  as  heard  in  the  words  "era,"  "irritate,"  "oracle." 

The  sound  of  any  vowel  preceding  a  word  will  place  the 
word  in  the  third  position. 

13 


Be  careful  to  form  each  stroke  correctly. 

The  syllables  are  arranged  in  pairs  of  a  light  and  a  shaded 
stroke. 

The  syllables  "pi"  and  "bi"  are  downward  strokes  slant- 
ing from  left  to  right. 

The  syllables  "ti"  and  "di"  are  vertical  strokes,  written 
downward. 

The  syllables  "cha"  and  "ja"  are  downward  strokes,  slant- 
ing from  right  to  left. 

The  syllables  "ka"  and  "ga"  are  horizontal  strokes,  writ- 
ten from  left  to  right. 

The  syllable  "ry"  is  an  upward  stroke,  similar  to  the  syl- 
lable "cha,"  the  difference  being  that  "ry"  slants  a  trifle  more 
than  the  syllable  "cha" ;  "cha"  is  invariably  written  down- 
ward, while  "ry"  is  an  upward  stroke. 

The  syllable  "hy"  is  an  upward  slanting  stroke,  commenc- 
ing with  a  short  tick,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  syllable  "ry." 

WRITE  FOR  CORRECTION. 

giddy        tippy        ready        jetty        Betty        Ed        chicory 


HOW  TO  PRACTICE. 


Always  write  on  ruled  paper.  Use  a  good  quality  of 
paper,  and  a  pen  or  a  medium  soft  pencil.  If  a  pencil  is  used, 
have  it  sharpened  at  both  ends,  to  save  time  should  the  point 
break.  Hold  the  pen  or  pencil  LIGHTLY  between  the  first 
and  second  fingers,  writing  with  a  free  arm  movement.  Cul- 
tivate a  light  touch.  Should  a  mistake  occur  do  not  stop  to 
erase,  but  strike  it  out. 

Practice  the  strokes  that  stand  for  the  syllables  two 
by  two,  first  a  light,  then  a  heavy  stroke.  Practice  each  pair 
of  strokes  at  least  fifty  times.  Be  sure  that  each  stroke  is 
of  the  same  length,  and  that  it  is  correctly  formed. 

DO  NOT  DRAW  THE  OUTLINES.  Practice  carefully 
until  each  shorthand  stroke  can  be  correctly  formed ;  then  practice 
writing  them  quickly,  and  continue  until  each  pair  of  strokes 
can  be  quickly  and  correctly  written. 


Practice  each  word  given  in  the  lesson  at  least  fifty  times. 
Read  the  syllables  and  words  from  your  shorthand  notes.  I? 
you  find  difficulty  in  reading,  review  the  entire  lesson,  until 
you  can  write  and  read  each  syllable  and  word  in  it  without 
the  slightest  hesitation. 


Do  not  attempt  to  write  any  word  that  is  not  given  in 
your  lesson. 


LESSON    TWO 

SYLLABLES   EXPRESSED   BY    SINGLE   CURVED 
STROKES. 


In  this  lesson  we  take  up  the  syllables  expressed  by  single 
curved  strokes.  The  curves  will  be  found  very  difficult  to 
memorize  and  execute,  and  patient  and  persistent  practice  is 
necessary  to  give  each  curve  its  correct  form. 

Study  and  practice  thoroughly  the  syllables  expressed 
by  curved  strokes,  which  are  arranged  in  pairs  of  a  light  and 
heavy  stroke.  Do  not  memorize  the  syllables  without  writing 
them  at  the  same  time.  The  hand  must  be  trained  to  execute 
the  characters  as  well  as  the  mind  to  retain  them.  Pronounce 
each  syllable  as  you  write  it.  Syllables  are  only  written  in 
position  when  they  commence  a  word. 

After  these  syllables  have  been  thoroughly  memorized, 
practice  writing  the  syllables  in  the  First,  Second  and  Third 
position.  Remember  that  the  different  positions  give  differ- 
ent vowel  accent  to  the  syllables,  and  aid  in  the  pronunciation 
of  a  word  by  indicating  how  the  first  syllable  of  the  word  is 
pronounced. 

The  syllable  "mi,"  when  occurring  in  the  middle  or  end 
of  a  word,  is  written  shorter  and  higher  than  the  syllable 
"em"  (army). 

The  syllable  "an"  when  occurring  in  the  middle  or  end 
of  a  word  is  made  slightly  higher  and  shorter  than  the  syl- 
lable "ni." 

Do  not  leave  the  syllables  until  each  curve  can  be  cor- 
rectly formed,  and  written  without  hesitancy. 

Practice  writing  words  with  curved  strokes  in  the  same 
way  as  with  straight  and  slanting  characters.  Pay  no  atten- 
tion to  the  spelling  of  a  word ;  write  the  word  syllable  by  syl- 
lable, exactly  as  it  is  pronounced. 

16 


SYLLABLES  EXPRESSED  BY  CURVED  STROKES. 

fi.fa         vi.va         thi         the         es.os.as        sy,zy        ish  sha 

la.ly          ar.er.ir          el.al          em  emp          mi, ma          en, 

_-^-_ __\ L. ^Tk.^Ok. JC\. <_r- 

an          ang          na.ny          way          yea 

.^.,.f... 


Pronunciation  of  syllables  when  placed  in  the 
FIRST  POSITION. 

fi         vi         thi         si         zi         shi         li         mi         ni 

v.    V.    (      )     >      J    r    ^    - 


Pronunciation  of  syllables  when  placed  in  the 
SECOND  POSITION. 

fa    va     tha     sa     za     sha     la     ma     map     na     way     yea 

A._L-LJ__JL.^  -C.^..^    _.^V  /I. 

Pronunciation  of  syllables  when  placed  in  the 
THIRD  POSITION. 

ef         ev          eth          es          ez          esh          ezh          ala 


ar          am  amp  an  ang  away 

WORDS  WRITTEN  BY  SYLLABLES. 

Words.  Written  phonetically  Words.  Written  phonetically. 

fidgety        fi-ja-ty  ,fi  _____          villa  vi-la   _„{..  ___  .-_. 

busy  bi-sy  ___  _^  _____          Elsie  El-sy    ,.^^"_  ___ 

army  ar-my  _"\  ______         lineal  li-ne-al 


The  syllables  "fi,"  "vi,"  "ith,"  "the,"  "es,"  "sy,"  "sha," 
"zha,"  "el,"  "ar,"  "way,"  "yea"  are  written  downward.  The 
syllable  "ish"  is  written  upwards. 

The  syllable  "ly"  is  also  an  upward  stroke. 

The  syllables  "em,"  "mi,"  "en,"  "ny,"  "ung"  are  written 
from  left  to  right. 

PRONUNCIATION   OF  FIRST  POSITION   SYLLABLES. 

The  syllable  "fi"  is  also  pronounced  "fo,"  as  heard  in  the 
words  "fidgety"  and  "folly." 

The  syllable  "vi"  is  also  pronounced  "vo,"  as  heard  in 
the  words  "vivid"  and  "volley." 

The  syllable  "thi"  is  also  pronounced  "tho,"  as  heard  in 
the  words  "thistle"  and  "thoughtful." 

The  syllable  "si"  is  also  pronounced  "so,"  as  heard  in 
the  words  "cereal"  and  "soddy." 

The  syllable  "zy"  is  pronounced  as  heard  in  the  word 
"dizzy." 

The  syllable  "shi"  is  also  pronounced  "sho,"  as  heard  in 
the  words  "chivalry"  and  "shoddy." 

The  syllable  "li"  is  also  pronounced  "lo,"  as  heard  in  the 
names  "Lillie"  and  "Lottie." 

The  syllable  "mi"  is  also  pronounced  "mo,"  as  heard  in 
the  words  "military"  and  "money." 

The  syllable  "ni"  is  also  pronounced  "no,"  as  heard  in 
the  words  "nonny"  and  "knobby." 


PRONUNCIATION  OF  SECOND  POSITION  SYLLABLES. 

The  syllable  "fe"  is  also  pronounced  "fa,"  "fu,"  "foo,"  as 
heard  in  the  words  "feathery,"  "family,"  "funny,"  "foolery." 

"The  syllable  "ve"  is  also  pronounced  "va,"  as  heard  in 
the  words  "venison"  and  "valley." 

The  syllable   "the"   is  also  pronounced    "tha,"    as    pro- 
nounced in  "Thackery." 

18 


The  syllable  "se"  is  also  pronounced  "su,"  as  heard  in  the 
words  "sachet,"  "sumach." 

The  syllable  "she"  is  also  pronounced  "sha,"  "shu,"  as 
heard  in  the  words  "chevalier,"  "shabby,"  "shoddy,"  "shutter." 

The  syllable  "la"  is  also  pronounced  "le,"  "lu,"  as  heard 
in  the  words  "lavish,"  "levity,"  "lucky." 

The  syllable  "me"  is  also  pronounced  "ma,"  "mu,"  "moo," 
as  heard  in  the  words  "many,"  "mummy,"  "moody." 

The  syllable  "map"  is  pronounced  like  the  word  "map."' 

The  syllable  "ne"  is  also  pronounced  "na,"  "nu,"  as  heard 
in  the  words  "Nettie,"  "natty,"  "nugget." 

The  syllable  "way"  is  pronounced  like  the  word  "weigh" 
or  "way." 

The   syllable   "yea"   is  pronounced   as   heard   in   the   word 

"yellow." 

PRONUNCIATION  OF  THIRD  POSITION  SYLLABLES. 

The  syllable  "ef"  is  also  pronounced  "of,"  "af,"  as  heard 
in  the  words  "effigy,"  "off,"  "afar." 

The  syllable  "ev"  is  also  pronounced  "av,"  as  heard  in 
the  words  "every,"  "average." 

The  syllable  "eth"  is  also  pronounced  "ath,"  as  heard  in 
the  words  "ethnic"  and  "athlete." 

The  syllable  "es"  is  also  pronounced  "as,"  "os,"  as  heard 
in  the  words  "espy,"  "asbestos,"  "osier." 

The  syllable  "ash"  is  pronounced  like  the  word  "ash." 

The  syllables  "ala"  are  pronounced  as  heard  in  the  word 
"Alabama." 


The  syllable  "el"  is  also  pronounced  "al,"  "il,"  "ol,"  "ul," 
as  heard  in  the  words  "Elsie,"  "alimony,"  "illegal,"  "oligarch." 
(The  syllable  "el"  is  always  written  downwards.  The  syl- 
lables "ala"  is  an  upward  stroke.) 

The  syllable  "am"  is  also  pronounced  "em,"  "im,"  "urn,"  as 
heard  in  the  words  "am,"  "empty,"  "immunity,"  "umbrella." 

19 


The  syllable  "emp"  is  also  pronounced  "imp,"  as  heard 
in  the  word  "impish." 

The  syllable  "an"  is  also  pronounced  "en,"  "in,"  "un," 
as  heard  in  the  words  "Annie,"  "enmity,"  "image,"  "uncanny." 

Practice  each  pair  of  syllables  fifty  times,  comparing  your 
work  with  the  engraved  plates.  Do  not  leave  this  lesson  until 
each  syllable  can  be  instantly  written,  and  words  can  be  formed 
without  stopping  to  think  how  the  syllable  is  formed. 

Write  the  following  words  for  correction.  Sound  each 
word  by  syllable,  using  the  syllables  as  directed,  being  care- 
ful to  put  the  first  syllable  of  a  word  in  its  proper  position. 

WRITE  FOR  CORRECTION. 

dizzy,  heavy,  empty,  envy,  pillory,  penny,  Jennie,  Fannie, 
Jessie,  Ezra,  Annie,  impish,  ash,  map,  gummy,  shoddy,  Lillie, 
funny,  enmity,  chilly,  agony,  Jimmie,  jiffy,  taffy. 


20 


LESSON  THREE 

SHORTENED  SYLLABLES. 

ALL  syllables  ending  with  a  final  sound  of  "t"  or  "d'J 
are  shortened  one-half  of  their  usual  length.  The  shortening 
of  the  syllable  adding  the  sound  of  "t"  or  "d." 

Many  beginners  make  the  error  of  calling  the  syllables 
"ti"  and  "di"  by  the  names  "t"  and  "d."  It  must  be  kept  in 
mind  that  we  are  writing  by  syllables,  not  letters  of  the  alpha- 
bet, or  sounds  of  the  letters  of  the  alphabet.  The  syllables 
"ti"  and  "di"  express  vowel  sounds  as  well  as  consonants,  and 
can  never  be  used  in  any  other  way  but  as  syllables. 

The  shortened  syllables  are  used  in  exactly  the  same  way 
as  the  straight  and  curved  strokes,  and  are  pronounced  the 
same,  the  exception  being  that  the  shortened  syllables  end 
with  the  sound  of  either  "t"  or  "d." 

Many  syllables  are  obscure  when  the  word  is  spoken 
quickly,  as  the  stenographer  must  hear  it  in  doing  actual 
stenographic  work. 

It  is  therefore  important  that  words  are  written  from  the 
beginning  exactly  as  they  should  be  written  in  taking  steno- 
graphic notes.  Write  only  such  syllables  as  are  necessary. 
For  example,  take  the  word  "battery."  Although  the  word 
divided  in  syllables  would  be  "bat-ter-ry,"  the  stenographer 
simply  hears  "bat-ry"  when  the  word  is  dictated.  The  proper 
stenographic  outline  for  the  word  "battery"  would  therefore 
be  "bat-ry." 

Practice  hearing  words  as  they  sound  when  dictated  in 
a  business  letter,  or  during  ordinary  conversation,  and  use 
only  the  syllables  actually  heard. 

As  before  directed,  touch  lightly  on  the  vowel  sounds; 
the  short  vowels  are  so  similar,  no  confusion  would  result  if 
mispronounced  in  a  word  or  syllable.  We  can  easily  under- 
stand a  foreigner  speaking  broken  English,  although  each 
word  may  be  mispronounced.  Actual  vowel  sounds  are  not 
heard  when  taking  stenographic  notes. 

Be  careful  to  make  the  shortened  syllables  half  the  size 
of  regular  length  syllables. 

21 


SYLLABLES  EXPRESSED  BY  SHORTENED  STROKES. 
pet    oet    tet    det    chet    jet    ket    get     ret    het     fet     vet 


thet    est    shet    let    elt    aft    met    net    ent    wate    yate 


(They  may  also  be  pronounced  ped,  bed,  ted,  ded,  ched,  jed, 
kcd,  ged,  red,  hed,  fed,  ved,  thed,  shed,  ledj'ard,  eld,  med.  ned, 
end,  wade,  yade). 

FitfST  POSITION  SYLLABLES. 

pit       bit       tid       dit       chit       jit       kit       git       rit       hit 
\\1          I          /         /         —        —        /        S 


fit      vit      thit       shid      lit       mit       nit 

v.     ^       (        J      r     ->      ^ 


SECOND  POSITION  SYLLABLES, 
pet      bat      tet      det      chat      jet      kut      get      ret      hat 

fat^vet_thot    shet    let    met    not    wate    yatc 

THIRD  POSITION  SYLLABLES. 

apt       ebd       echd       ejd       akt       egd       aft       este       ult 

art       cmet       ant       a  wate 

22 


(Continued   from   Page  22). 
WORDS  (Written  phonetically), 
tidbit,   rid-bit__S fidget,   fid-get  __/___  battery,   bat-ry 

^  Lx 

rigid,   ri-jed cigarette,  si-ga-ret 

'hatchet,  ha-chet_^J__  rivit,  ri-vet___ cutlet,  kut-let. 

jmidway,  mid- way : writ,  rit 


WRITE  FOR  CORRECTION. 

cadet,  caddy,  debt,  debit,  ballet,  jetty,  jet,  met,  net,  get,  bit, 
bet,  pit,  pet,  jagged,  pettish,  petted,  bit,  chatted,  chit,  mitt, 
midway,  rigid,  rapid,  rapidly,  carry,  tarry,  tarried,  marry, 
married,  tibbet,  chat,  hat,  apt,  ebbed,  etched,  act,  aft,  Emmet, 
ant,  await,  kidney,  ticket,  latchet,  petal.' 


In  writing  words  containing  double  letters,  be  careful 
to  not  repeat  syllables.  The  word  "married"  should  be  writ- 
ten in  shorthand  "ma-red,"  the  word  "tarry"  should  be  writ- 
ten "ta-ry,"  the  word  "carried"  should  be  written  "ka-red." 

Third  position  syllables  are  used  in  writing  words  such 
as  "etched,"  using  the  syllable  "echd."  The  word  "act"  is 
expressed  by  the  syllable  "akt,"  "ebbed"  is  expressed  by 
"ebd,"  etc.  The  spelling  of  a  word  having  nothing  whatever 
to  do  with  the  way  it  is  written  in  shorthand. 

Review  each  lesson  every  day,  and  practice  at  least  five 
pages  in  your  stenographic  note  book  of  every  word  the  les- 
sons contain,  reading  back  from  your  shorthand  notes. 

Write  carefully  the  words  given  in  each  lesson  for  cor- 
rection. 

23 


LESSON  FOUR 

WORD-SIGNS. 

In  shorthand  as  in  longhand  we  have  abbreviations  for 
the  most  frequently  occurring  words  and  phrases. 

In  longhand  "Collect  on  Delivery"  is  expressed  by  the 
abbreviation  C.  O.  D.  The  dollar  sign  stands  for  the  words 
"dollar"  or  "dollars."  The  abbreviations  "cts."  and  "0"  stand 
for  the  word  "cents."  The  names  of  the  States  are  abbre- 
viated, as  are  the  days  of  the  week,  as  well  as  a  large  number 
of  frequently  occurring  business  words,  such  as  "ft.,"  foot; 
"frt,"  freight;  "lb.,"  pound;  "gal.,"  gallon;  "h.  p.,"  horse 
power;  "N.,"  north;  "S.,"  south;  "sq.,"  square;  "c.  p.,"  candle 
power. 

In  shorthand  we  have  abbreviations  for  the  commonly 
occurring  words,  and  business  phrases  which  the  stenograph- 
ers must  write  over  and  over  again.  These  abbreviations  are 
called  "WORD-SIGNS"  and  should  be  given  careful  atten- 
tion, as  the  words  they  represent  are  those  occurring  most 
frequently  in  stenographic  work. 

These  signs  are  placed  in  different  positions,  some  above 
the  line,  some  on  the  line,  some  below  or  through  the  line. 
The  principle  of  "Position"  (placing  words  according  to  the 
accented  vowel  in  the  first  syllable)  having  nothing  to  do 
with  the  positions  occupied  by  word-signs.  They  are  many 
times  placed  in  certain  positions  simply  to  avoid  conflict  with 
some  word  having  a  similar  outline.  Two  words  may  be 
expressed  by  the  same  outline  in  shorthand,  the  context  of 
the  sentence  preventing  confliction.  In  longhand  many  words 
are  spelled  alike,  such  as  "tear"  and  "tear"  (tare),  but  no  diffi- 
culty is  experienced  in  reading  the  proper  word.  It  is  the 
same  in  writing  and  reading  shorthand. 

Memorize  the  word-signs  thoroughly.  Practice  them  two 
by  two,  line  after  line,  hundreds  of  times,  pronouncing  them 
aloud  as  you  do  so.  They  can  only  be  memorized  by  patient 
and  persistent  practice,  and  reading  them  from  your  short- 
hand notes.  As  these  words  are  the  ones  occurring  most  fre- 
quently in  stenographic  work,  a  daily  review  of  them  should 
be  taken  in  order  to  write  them  instantly  and  read  them  with- 
out hesitation. 

24 


fc»vp 


WORD  SIGNS. 

_  each  ____  :  __  which  __  S.  ___  much__^  --- 
however  __  JL     __  think  ____  C  ___ 


./  ____  they,  them__X  ___  was__J)  ___  whose__!k.—  • 

I  ' 

shall....*/  — 


thank 

common..  .  come__  _  wish 


usual     ^  ,    him_x-=-^__  home.^.^ in any.Jl .. 


give together  _,-^_  time it 1 at i your fl_ 

<  V>  V 

that without C if for.A^..  oft__l 

dollar had I hearJT^i her our_rs^ 

SENTENCES. 
Shall  he  come  for  them?  Betty  had  pity  for  Annie. 


Shall  he  give  him  ybur  cigarette? 


He  had  your  heavy  hatchet.  He  was  in  her  debt. 


They  met  at  her  home 


Let  him  wait  for  her. 


He  will  thank  them  if  they  will  come  at  any  time. 


They  have  your  dollar.         ^  He  will  give  it  for  charity. 

- 


He  will  marry   Kittie.       He  carried  her  jacket   for  her. 


LESSON  FIVE 

LONG  VOWELS. 

/ 

Although  very  few  vowels  are  used  in  actual  stenographic 
work,  yet  the  stenographer  may  meet  unusual  words  or  tech- 
nical phrases  which  require  vocalization.  A  thorough  knowl- 
edge of  the  vowels  are  therefore  very  necessary,  and  they 
should  be  thoroughly  memorized  and  placed  in  words  for 
practice,  until  they  can  be  put  in  a  word  instantly  and  cor- 
rectly, without  the  slightest  hesitation. 

The  long  vowels  are  expressed  by  heavy  dots  and  dashes, 
which  are  placed  at  the  side  of  syllable  stems.  The  vowels 
are  placed  at  the  beginning,  middle  and  end  of  a  syllable, 
and  called  first,  second  and  third  place  vowels. 

The  first  place  is  where  the  syllable  begins. 

The  second  place  is  the  middle  of  the  syllable. 

/ 
The  third  place  is  at  the  end  of  the  syllable. 

On  stems  which  are  written  downward,  the  first  place 
is  at  the  top  counting  downwards.  On  stems  written  upward 
the  first  place  is  at  the  bottom,  counting  upwards. 

The  long  sound  of  "e,"  as  heard  in  the  word  "tea,"  is 
expressed  by  a  heavy  dot,  written  in  the  first  place,  or  be- 
ginning of  the  syllable  stem. 

The  long  sound  of  "a,"  as  heard  in  the  word  "day,"  is 
expressed  by  a  heavy  dot  written  in  the  second  place  or  mid- 
dle of  the  syllable  stem. 

The  long  sound  of  "ah,"  as  heard  in  the  word  "mamma," 
is  expressed  by  a  heavy  dot,  written  in  third  place  or  end  of 
the  syllable  stem. 

The  long  sound  of  "aw,"  as  heard  in  the  word  "saw,"  is 
expressed  by  a  heavy  dash  written  in  the  first  place,  or  be- 
ginning of  the  syllable  stem. 

The  long  sound  of  "o,"  as  heard  in  the  word  "so,"  is  ex- 
pressed by  a  heavy  dash  written  in  the  second  place  or  middle 
of  the  syllable  stem. 

26 


LONG  VOWELS. 


.  e  as  in  tea 
.a  as  in  say 
•  ah  as  in  rah 


-aw  as  in  saw 
.0     as  in  so 
_oo   as  in  shoe 


Syllables  containing  the  sound  of  First  Place  long  vowels,  "e"  and 
"aw,"  are  placed  in  the 

FIRST  POSITION. 


pee  ____ 

.  bee       ___ 

_  tee__'_  

.  dee..1.— 

_  chee  

iee 

kee  *  

_   ree  "... 

._  hee  2  

fee    ^— 

vee   ^r 

thee 

see 

_    shee.jl.  

lee     *^~ 

mee     1_  _ 

nee    ^TTl. 

wee      '  _ 

_     yee  

paw.  „_ 

.  baw     _  . 

.  taw       '    _ 

daw       [  

.  chaw  

jaw  „. 

kaw.l  _. 

raw  ~  

_  haw  T  

faw  Jn» 

_  vaw  _^-_ 

thaw  > 

saw'.jl.. 

__  shaw  _-^  _ 

law.ri. 

maw  '•     N 

.  naw_  *~~~^  _ 

Waw  .1  • 

.  yaw../.. 

Syllables  containing  the  sound  of  any  other  long  vowel  sound  are 

placed  in  the 

SECOND  POSITION. 


__>^___  kay_ 


tay___L__ 
._  gay 

thay fc 

..  nay__^ 

27 


.   day 1* chay. 


_  say J*__.   shay. 

-r-_  way.. IX. _  yea 


The  long  sound  of  "oo,"  as  heard  in  the  word  "shoe," 
is  expressed  by  a  heavy  dash  written  in  the  third  place,  or 
end  of  a  syllable  stem. 

If  a  vowel  is  written  at  the  right  of  an  upright  or  slanting 
syllable  stem,  or  above  a  horizontal  stem,  the  vowel  is  read 
first. 

If  a  vowel  is  written  at  the  left  of  an  upright  or  slanting 
syllable  stem,  or  below  a  horizontal  syllable  stem,  the  vowel 
is  read  last. 

Dash  vowel  signs  should  be  struck  at  a  right  angle  to  the 
stern  by  which  they  are  placed.  The  syllable  stems  are  writ- 
ten first,  the  vowels  placed  afterwards. 


PHRASING. 

In  writing  shorthand,  often  two  or  more  words  can  be 
easily  joined  together  without  taking  the  pencil  from  the 
paper.  This  method  of  joining  words  is  called  "phrasing." 
Words  should  never  be  phrased  that  do  not  make  a  good 
outline,  easy  to  write.  The  first  word  of  a  phrase  should  be 
written  in  its  proper  position,  the  words  following  joined 
without  regard  to  position. 


PHRASING   "A,"   "AN,"   "AND,"   "THE." 

The  words  "a,"  "an,"  "and,"  "the"  occur  so  often  in  a 
sentence  that  to  stop  and  express  them  by  dots  would  take 
too  much  time.  They  are  therefore  phrased  or  joined  to 
other  words  by  means  of  very  short  ticks ;  "a,"  "an,"  "and" 
are  expressed  by  a  short  straight  tick,  struck  either  up  or 
down,  usually  downward.  The  word  "the"  is  expressed  by 
a  small  slanting  tick.  These  small  ticks  may  be  used  in  the 
middle  or  end  of  a  phrase,  but  never  at  the  beginning. 

Practice  carefully  the  words  containing  vowels ;  learn  the 
vowel  places  thoroughly,  and  do  not  leave  the  lesson  until 
you  can  write  every  word  sign  from  memory,  and  place  the 
vowels  instantly  and  correctly  in  words  in  which  they  may 
occur. 

28 


\.        v          I.         I.        / 

pah  _______  bah  _____  ...  tab.,,  ______  dah  ______  chah  _____ 

/  —  ,  _  /'  </' 

jah  _______  kah  ______  ^  gah  ___  _*  ___  rah  _______  hah,.  _____ 

* 


fahfc____  vah__l  ____  thah__y_  ____  sah 

J  x-T 

shah..__ri  ___  lah__  _____  mah_ 

\  ___  toe  ___  I:  ___  doe__l" 


thoe  ___     __,  so  ___  )r  ___  loe 

no  ,^.._r.,   woe__^  __  yoe  __  CL  ____   poo._^/_  __  boo  __  ^S»i  __ 
i 

too  ___  Ir-  __  doo__Jt-_  __  choo__A  ___  joo  __  /~  ____  koo..-^^.. 

V»4  __ 
...^-  soo  __  1-i  __  shoo__^l  __  loo 


L  __  voo 


noo__.  ___ 

Syllables  beginning  with  the  sound  of  a  long  vowel  are  placed  in  the* 
THIRD  POSITION. 


»  V 

\_  eLDC          \  cite 

aje___y£ ake..^_ aig „___ 

oath L.      oze._\ ale.jvrT,  .    ame._- 

A  */  r  ^-> 

"»^~v  ar#>         \ 

'^~     '   "    "."/"" 

29 


HOW  TO  PLACE  VOWELS  IN  WORDS. 

Vowels  placed  before  or  to  the  left  of  upward  or  dowi 
ward  strokes  are  read  first. 

ape__^____  aid    J  ____  ail__^___  ate__.|  ---- 
easy__-\  ___  ace__^  ___  ooze__\  __  ear_C\_X 


VoWels  placed  after  or  to  the  right  of  upward  or  down 
ward  strokes  are  read  last. 


pay..^ delay___l chateau  _^___essay  __v. be 

beat day t date 1- lay^_/_ laid__/f__. 

lady_/lJ see say__l* show__^c_ shoe </_„ 


cheat.I  ______  pillow  ________  potato  __  .X,  ___  rainy  ^/i. 

<~  v  ^' 

thought  _______   bought  _______  booty__V  ___   weary 


v  ' 

bought  _______  booty__V  ___   w 


r 

.vT  __  tawny__rl  __  tomato.rs    zero  ____ 


Vowels  placed  above  horizontal  strokes  are  read  first. 
oak  __  _r_  __  aim  ___  f  ___  ache  _______  own  _______  oakl  ___  ; 

Vowels  placed  below  horizontal  strokes  are  read  last. 
Chicago  _______  knavish  .TTVw^i  navy  __  tT-Ss^_  mazy  ____  J_ 

C  v 

decay  ________  bouquet.j^*  ___  ergoj\  _____ 

i>w 


no 

i 


When  a  vowel  is  placed  before  and  after  a  syllable  stroke, 
the  vowel  preceding  is  read  as  a  syllable  in  itself,  viz.,  obey  ------ 

WORD-SIGNS. 

•  \ 

A,  an,  and____,  _____  the  ---------  of  ---------  to_._  x_  ---- 

»-  • 

all  _______  two___v  ___  or  _______  but  ___  i__  already  ------ 

s 
before  ___  j  ____  oh,  owe  ___  j  ____  on  ________  should..  y  ----- 

/ 
ought  ______  who  __  ^  ___ 

PHRASING. 

>  ) 

have  a..^.^.  have  the.^..  all  the  way.  JIN.  _  or  the  ------ 

but  the..;.  ___  but  a__i  ____  before  the.^  ____  should  the  __  <*  — 
should  a  __  s\  ___  and  a  __  _,  ___  and  the  __  ^  ___  to-day  ___  v  ___ 


SENTENCES. 
She  will  pay  the  lady  for  the  tea.    Show  him  the  way  to  the  depot. 


He  bought  a  jewel  and  a  bouquet  for  her,  and  will  pay  for 
them  on  payday. 


WRITE  FOR  CORRECTION. 


me,  meet,  may,  mate,  decayed,  shadow,  alimony,  okra,  debate, 
naked,  deed,  jaw,  Joe,  ohm,  poesy,  ditto,  invade,  yea,  oath, 
vary,  navy,  knavish,  echo,  fee,  feet,  knee,  neat,  Joe,  May, 
Dora,  neigh,  know,  oar,  row,  dough,  ode,.  May,  veto,  Cora, 
Laura,  chaw,  lazy,  leeway,  Zeno,  Fay,  chew,  ached,  beet,  be, 
pay,  paid,  payday,  Kate,  Katie,  mitigate,  goatee,  ate,  law, 
age,  eke,  aid,  gnaw,  caw,  though,  saw,  so,  sue,  see,  say,  she, 
show,  shoe,  law,  low,  Lou,  me,  may,  knee,  neigh,  eel,  ail,  lay, 
lea,  raw,  chaw,  row,  Joe,  photo,  hobo,  bony,  tony,  Mazie, 
gewgaw,  rotary,  notary,  votary,  zoo,  era,  mitigate. 


SENTENCES. 

He  will  pay  for  the  photo  to-morrow. 

He  ought  to  know  the  way  to  the  dairy. 

She  ought  to  make  tea  on  a  rainy  day  for  Mary  and  Kate. 

He  bit  a  red  beet,  and  saw  the  lazy  goat  chew  the  shoe. 

She  will  come  to-day  or  to-morrow  to  sew  on  your  coat, 
and  cut  the  meat  for  tea. 


He  made  an  oath  before  a  notary  that  he  had  a  photo  of 
the  hobo. 


She  will  go  all  of  the  way  to  Dakota  -to  see  the  villa. 

May  and  Joe  met  a  belated  Malay  on  the  way  to  the 
armory. 


LESSON  SIX 

THE  DIPHTHONGS. 

The  diphthongs  are  expressed  by  small  caret  shaped  angles 
placed  at  the  beginning  or  at  the  end  of  syllable  stems,  and 
used  in  the  same  way  as  the  vowels. 

The  sound  of  "oi,M  as  heard  in  the  word  "oil,"  is  ex- 
pressed by  a  small  caret  pointing  upwards;  it  is  always  placed 
at  the  beginning  (first  place)  of  a  syllable  stem. 

The  sound  of  "ow,"  as  heard  in  the  word  "owl,"  is  ex- 
pressed by  the  same  shaped  caret  that  stands  for  the  sound 
of  "oi."  the  difference  being  "ow"  is  written  at  the  end  of 
the  stem  (third  place),  while  "oi"  is  always  written  at  the 
beginning  of  a  syllable  stem. 

The  sound  of  "i,"  as  heard  in  the  word  "mighty,"  is  ex- 
pressed by  a  small  caret  pointing  downward.  It  may  be  writ- 
ten in  any  place  by  a  syllable  stem,  as  it  will  not  conflict  with 
any  other  sign. 

The  sound  of  "oo-ee,"  as  heard  in  the  name  "Dewey," 
is  expressed  by  a  small  caret  pointing  to  the  right,  written 
at  the  beginning  of  a  syllable  stem. 

The  sound  of  "ow-ie,"  as  heard  in  the  name  "Dowie,"  is 
expressed  by  a  small  caret  pointing  to  the  right,  like  the 
sign  that  stands  for  the  sound  of  "oo-ee,"  the  difference  being 
that  "ow-ie"  is  written  at  the  end  of  a  syllable  stem. 

The  sound  of  "i-a,"  as  in  "via,"  is  expressed  by  the  sign 
for  "i,"  with  a  small  tick  attached,  and  may  be  written  in  any 
place  by  a  syllable  stem. 

The  sound  of  "wi,"  as  heard  in  the  word  "wife,"  is  ex- 
pressed by  a  small  right  angle,  written  at  the  beginning  of 
a  syllable  stroke,  usually  attached. 

All  diphthongs  may  be  joined  to  syllable  stems  when  it 
is  convenient  to  do  so. 

33 


THE   DIPHTHONGS. 


A    oi  as  in  oil      / 
A     ow  as  in  owl    3 


v  i  as  in  by          / 


i-a  as  in  via     3 


wi  as  in  wife 


oo-ee  as  in  Dewey 
-ie  as  in  Dowie 


FIRST  POSITION  SYLLABLES. 


(Contain  the  sounds  of  "oi"  and  "i") 


poi      boi       toi      doi      choi      joi      koi       goi       roi      hoi 

NC*        NT"         I"         I*          /-*        /"  / 

\>  /         /         A—      T~      4         ^A 


foi       voi        thoi        soi        shoi        loi        moi        noi        pie 

VL    VL      c     r     s     t:    ^    ^     \v 


pitc       bie        bite        tie        tite        die        dite      chie        jie 

v      \      v      r     r      r     i-     /-   /<- 


kie         gie          fie          fite         thie          shie          lie          lite 


mie        mite        nie        nite        yie        wite       wide       wife 

—     ->      ^     v      fi      \ 


34 


SECOND  POSITION  SYLLABLES. 
pow       bow      tow      dow      chow      jow      kow      gow      row 

_L-__lv—  _/____  A.  ___  *  ____  ^-^_ 


how    fow    vow    thow    sow    low    mow    now     wow     yow 


loo-ee      vow-ee      via 


WORDS   CONTAINING   ABOVE   DIPHTHONGS. 
. 

joyous.  __y^___  my  ___  v_  ____  might..*  _____  mighty 

i'  Lv  \v 

Dewey.J  _____    Louier_/>_  ___   typhoid.  __V_  ___   dial.  /i_ 


divide 


I  &  \ 

V___  power.  \v_  giant  ______  isle_  _^__  bias__^ 


l« 

*•_-«  I  l^" 

,-_^I^_.  notify__Jj£L.  defy I toilet_____  violet 

yv-  v\ 

via__  _  isolate __      _  pout___Vv doubt..^ 


WORD-SIGNS. 

I  or  high__, how_/i now_^-r\__  notwithstanding 

remit______  nevertheless. ^!^1_  advantage. _/___  large.yt 

+**s 
thing language_^^__  young 

35 


Practice  carefully  all  syllables  containing-  diphthongs, 
pronouncing  each  syllable  as  written.  After  the  lesson  has 
been  thoroughly  learned  copy  the  words  and  sentences  from 
the  shorthand  in  this  lesson,  and  read  back  from  your  notes, 
without  referring  to  the  shorthand  plate.  If  hesitancy  is 
experienced  in  reading,  review  the  lesson,  as  well  as  all  pre- 
vious lessons,  until  the  principle  is  thoroughly  learned. 


WRITE  FOR  CORRECTION. 

boy,  toy,  joy,  ahoy,  boyish,  tie,  tight,  coy,  coyly,  sow,  allow, 
thou,  by,  bite,  rye,  right,  shy,  lie,  light,  tie,  tight,  die,  indite, 
wide,  wipe,  isle,  Roy,  royal,  pilot,  tower,  towel,  invite. 


SENTENCES. 

I  will  take  the  kite  to  Joe. 

He  paid  for  the  pie  on  the  way  to  the  depot. 

The  boy  saw  the  cow  eat  the  hay. 

He  will  come  via  Chicago. 

He  made  a  deed  and  wrote  a  note  to  the  Notary. 

She  will  have  a  pie  for  tea  and  may  invite  Katie. 

She  bought  a  tiny  yellow  toy  pony,  which  she  will  donate  to 
charity. 


.36 


LESSON  SEVEN 

SHORT  VOWELS. 

The  short  vowels  are  very  rarely  used,  as  their  sounds 
are  included  in  the  shorthand  syllables.  An  occasion  may 
arise,  however,  where  the  pronunciation  of  a  word  would  be 
made  clearer  by  the  employment  of  a  short  vowel.  For  ex- 
ample, take  the  words  "charity"  and  "chariot";  the  outline 
of  both  words  is  the  same,  but  if  a  light  dash,  representing 
the  short  vowel  "o,"  is  placed  before  the  syllable  "ty"  it 
would  change  the  pronunciation  of  the  syllable  from  "ty"  to 
"ot" ;  the  outline  of  the  word  would  then  read  "chariot." 
Without  the  short  vowel,  the  outline  would  be  "charity." 

The  short  vowels  should  therefore  be  thoroughly  mas- 
tered, in  order  that  the  stenographer  may  be  able  to  place  them 
instantly  in  a  technical  or  difficult  word,  where  legibility 
would  require  their  use. 

They  are  expressed  by  LIGHT  dots  and  dashes  placed 
at  the  beginning,  middle,  and  end  of  syllable  stems  in  the 
same  way  as  the  Long  Vowels  are  used. 

Be  careful  to  make  the  Short  Vowels  light  in  order  that 
they  may  not  confuse  with  the  Long  Vowels. 

Thoroughly  master  this  lesson  before  taking  up  new 
work.  A  lesson  is  not  mastered  until  every  word,  word-sign, 
phrase  and  sentence  in  it  can  be  instantly  written  and  read, 
and  the  principle  given  in  the  lesson  applied  without  the 
slightest  hesitation. 

WRITE  FOR  CORRECTION. 

He  paid  a  dollar  for  a  ticket  in  the  lottery. 

She  came  before  a  notary  and  made  an  oath  that  the  boy 
bought  the  jewel. 

The  young  poet  wrote  a  poem  in  the  shadow  of  the  old  oak 
by  the  tower. 

He  will  remit  on  payday. 

He  will  ride  all  the  way  to  Iowa  in  that  rickety  old  chariot. 

37 

448399 


SHORT  VOWELS. 

/    I        i  as  in  it  /    .  -     o  as  in  got 

.2.  I       e  as  in  get  ^  1  -    u  as  in  cut 

^    I  .     a  as  in  at  j  |  _    oo  as  in  foot 

WORDS  CONTAINING  SHORT  VOWELS. 

h        <r       i          /A       \ 

diet__J react __"_ idiot__-| chariot  _j£jL  zodiac _J~ 

\  'TY  ^-^/ 

poetic A. azoic.A. mosaic        J          myriad 

WORD-SIGNS. 

object__\.__  to  be__v  __   hope,  happy__\  __   though___C_ 

whole  S~      vfholly.^^..   _  A.M._t^i.__  P.M._Vr^__  us X. 

~i~  /  ) 

SENTENCES. 
I  hope  he  will  be  liappy  in  the  army. 


The  dial  in  the  tower  will  show  the  time. 


The  boy  bought  a  towel  for  a  dime. 


He  will  meet  the  boy  at  the  old  boat  by  the  bay  at  7  P.M. 
to-day. 


38 


(Continued  from  Page  38). 


I  have  a  large  bucket  which  he  may  have  if  he  will  come  for  it. 


I  should  think  she  should  be  happy  now. 


.......  ________  V__ 

He  thought  he  saw  an  ape  in  the  zoo. 


PRACTICE    DRILL. 


The  failure  of  many  stenographers  has  been  caused  by  a 
lack  of  proper  material  for  practice  work.  Proper  practice 
means  success  to  the  stenographer,  as  it  does  to  the  lawyer, 
doctor,  musician,  dentist — in  fact,  success  in  any  profession 
is  acquired  only  through  practice. 

In  order  to  have  the  student  make  the  best  progress  in 
the  most  thorough  manner,  and  shortest  possible  time,  a 
method  of  practice  has  been  arranged  in  lesson  form,  by 
which  the  syllables,  vowels,  and  diphthongs  can  be  thor- 
oughly mastered.  The  vowels  should  be  placed  in-  the  syl- 
lables, exactly  as  shown  on  shorthand  plates,  in  order  that 
the  student  may  familiarize  himself  with  their  application,  at 
the  same  time  mastering  the  different  sylables  in  their  proper 
positions. 

39 


HOW  TO   PRACTICE. 


Practice  each  line  of  syllables  many,  many  times.  At 
least  ten  pages  of  your  shorthand  note  book  should  be  given 
to  each  line.  Write  the  syllables  easily  and  quickly,  pro- 
nouncing the  strokes  as  one  syllable  and  writing  them  evenly 
without  stopping.  Then  read  from  your  shorthand  notes. 
Each  syllable  must  be  memorized,  in  order  to  be  able  to  be 
read  as  a  syllable  in  any  word  in  which  it  may  occur.  Place 
the  vowel  in  each  syllable,  and  place  the  syllable  in  its  proper 
position,  exactly  as  shown.  You  cannot  master  the  vowels 
nor  diphthongs  in  the  proper  manner  unless  you  do  place 
them  in  every  syllable  until  their  application  becomes  me- 
chanical. If  you  have  to  stop  and  think  before  placing  them, 
you  have  not  practiced  the  lesson  long  enough.  The  vowels 
should  be  placed  quickly  and  accurately.  Although  they  are 
used  very  little  in  actual  shorthand  work,  it  must  be  borne 
in  mind  that  occasions  occur  when  it  is  necessary  to  place  a 
vowel,  and  unless  the  vowels  are  thoroughly  mastered  by 
actually  placing  them  in  syllables,  you  would  not  be  able  to 
have  them  at  your  finger's  end  when  an  occasion  to  use  them 
occurred. 

You  cannot  spend  too  much  time  on  the  practice  of 
syllables,  for  they  are  virtually  your  alphabet  by  which  all 
words  are  written. 

Practice  syllables  until  you  can  mentally  picture  the  form 
of  each  syllable  in  every  word  you  hear  spoken. 

Short  vowels  are  not  placed  in  syllables  for  the  reason 
that  they  are  included  in  the  syllable.  They  are  only  placed 
in  a  word  when  they  begin  a  syllable  which  occurs  in  the 
middle  or  end  of  a  word,  as  the  pronunciation  of  the  syllable 
only  includes  a  vowel  following  a  consonant,  not  preceding 
it,  unless  it  occurs  in  the  first  syllable  of  a  word,  then  it  is 
indicated  by  the  third  position. 


LESSON  EIGHT 

PRACTICE  AND    DRILL   OF   SYLLABLES,   VOWELS 
AND   DIPHTHONGS. 

SYLLABLES  FORMED  BY  JOINING  TWO   OR  MORE 
STROKES. 

The  syllables  we  have  taken  up  so  far  in  our  study  have 
been  expressed  by  but  one  stroke.  In  this  lesson  we  take  up 
syllables  which  are  formed  by  joining  two  or  more  strokes ; 
these  strokes  are  read  together,  as  one  syllable.  For  example, 
take  the  syllable  "pep,"  which  is  expressed  by  two  strokes. 
These  strokes  should  not  be  read  "pi-pi,"  but  should  be  read 
"pep,"  as  one  syllable. 

The  certain  strokes  which,  when  grouped,  form  syllables, 
have  been  carefully  .sorted  out  and  listed,  in  order  that  the 
student  may  memorize  them,  and  always  read  them  as  syl- 
lables, never  separately,  stroke  by  stroke.  This  is  simply 
following  the  method  of  reading  longhand.  You  would  not 
read  printed  words  letter  by  letter;  you  would  read  the  let- 
ters in  groups,  or  syllables. 

Care  must  be  taken  in  writing  syllables  to  avoid  stopping 
at  the  end  of  strokes.  The  syllables  must  be  practiced  so 
thoroughly  that  they  can  be  written  as  quickly  as  though 
they  were  one  stroke  instead  of  two  or  three. 

Syllables  formed  of  two  or  more  strokes  are  placed  in 
position  in  the  same  way  as  one  stroke  syllables.  It  must  be 
kept  in  mind  that  the  principle  of  "position"  applies  to  the 
first  syllable  of  a  word  only. 

HOW  TO  PLACE  VOWELS  AND   DIPHTHONGS  IN  SYLLA- 
BLES EXPRESSED  BY  TWO  OR  MORE  STROKES. 

First  and  second  place  vowels  and  first  place  diphthongs 
when  occurring  in  a  syllable  formed  by  two  strokes,  should 
be  placed  after  the  first  stroke. 

Third  place  vowels  and  diphthongs  when  occurring  in 
a  syllable  of  two  strokes,  should  be  placed  in  the  third  place 
before  the  second  stroke. 

41 


SYLLABLES  EXPRESSED  BY  JOINING  TWO  STRAIGHT,  OR 
A   STRAIGHT   AND   SLANTING   STROKE. 


(Pronunciation  of  syllables  occurring  in  the  middle  or  end  of  words.) 


pep       bep       tep       dep       chep       jep       kep       gep       rep 


hep       peb       beb       teb       deb       cheb       jeb       keb       geb 


reb       heb       pech       bech       tech       dech       chech       jech 


kech      gech       rech      hech       pej       bej       tej       dej       kej 


gej      rej      hej      pek      bek      tek      dek      chek      jek      kek 


gek       rek       peg 


teg       deg       cheg       jeg       reg 

.L 


FIRST  POSITION  SYLLABLES. 


peep      paup      pip      pop      teep      taup      tip      top      deep 

\ 


daup       dip       dop       cheep       chaup       chip       chop       jeep 

<  <•  <• 


jaup      jip      jop      keep      kaup      kip      kop      geep      gaup 
-  T-         .-  -         ^ 


gip      gop      reep      raup      rip      rop      heep      haup      hip 


hop      heeb      haub      hib      hob       reeb       raub       rib      rob 


peech      pauch      pich      poch      beech      bauch      bich      boch 


teech      tauch      tich      toch      deech      clauch      dich      doch 

/  /  }'  )-  y  >-  >  y 


keech       kauch       kich       koch 

V7       '*7 


43 


FIRST  POSITION  SYLLABLES  CONTAINING  DIPHTHONGS 


pipe      bipe      tipe      dipe      chipe     jipe     doich     pike     dike 

\  \   k 


|" 


M  \v 


SECOND  POSITION  SYLLABLES. 


pape     pope     poop     pup      pep      tape      tope      toop      tep 


tabe   tobe   toob   dabe   dobe   doob   chape   chope 

...^..^-v-^  V  4^-4 

choop      chap      jabe      jobe      kape      kope      koop      kep 


gape   gobe   goob   rape   rope   roop   rep   habe 


heb      paach       poach       pooch       paj       poj       pooj       pach 


baaj      boje      booje      bach      taach      toach      tooch      tuch 


44 


daach      doach      doocj      duch      jaje      joje      juj       raach 


roach       rooch       rech       haach       hoach       hooch       hech 


pake   poke   pek   bake   boke   book   bek   take 

_^  ____  \ 


toke   took   tak   dake   doke   dock   dek   chake 


choke   chook   chek   jake   joke   jook   jek   rake 


roke   rak   paag   poag   baag   beg   tag   dag   chag 

^c../r...\  ___  i  ___  \_.\_.J 

jag   kake   koke   kook   kek 
/     _  _  _  L  _ 


45 


WORDS   PLACED    IN    POSITION    ACCORDING   TO   THE 
VOWEL  ACCENT  IN  FIRST  SYLLABLE. 


peppery 


_  \   .    _  tipsy__\_.    _  chaplet__  /_  ___  tablet_  _L  _ 
\/  J  ^  >v" 

\srf  \ 

\_   vvrech_«x^l_  berich  ______  pitch_yl__  patch_\_. 

l  ___  rich  _____  ridge__'  ____  judge.  /___  tactic__L._. 


chicory cockney ___^v__,_  peep___> pope 

I  /•  ^ 

deep...?!..  tape__l*   __  cheap X.  keep cape_1T^_ 

coop.IT^X-  heap__l reap..! rope_<X\__   babe.^t   _. 

daub..^..  doe__JI__  dope__|i__  coach. I\7___  peach./ 

/7                                          1* 
reach foach.^^l.  teach__/___  rakp f-*--  coke_^ 

cook L   peek.. beak bake_Y~.__  book  \  \ 

cheek chalk choke.  _^L bedeck.  _J 

reject deduct..! 

WORDS  BEGINNING  WITH   A  VOWEL. 
THIRD  POSITION. 

attic L---  atop__L___  epic.  \---  unwrap.  _A_  apache.  _\_. 

optic,  _\ 

L_ 

46 


Words  are  read  as  written  by  syllable  as  follows :  peppery, 
pep\   ry/'  ;     tablet,    tab  L    let  r    ;    chicory,     chic  L-  *y^  ; 

tipsy,   tip  l^  sy  )    ;    cockney,   kok_ ny  v_^  .      A    short   vowel 

should  always  be  pronounced  before  the  first  syllable  of  words 
written  in  the  third  position,  viz.,  attic,  a-tik;  atop,  a-top. 


WORD-SIGNS. 


popular 


__V chapter / quiet f acquit_m__. 

acute 71 quick occupy represent _. 


Europe. _^A    _   publish. _\ public.  \___    republic^C\_. 

change__   /__  peculiar.  \____  become.  \ to  become,  v 

regular.  ^/TT rather.  _,X_ 

SENTENCES. 

The  quiet  quick  gypsy  waylaid  the  judge  on  the  way  to  Iowa. 


If  may  become  popular  if  published. 


He  will  catch  the  boy  who  put  the  pitch  on  the  rug. 


He  will  remit  by  check  to-day       The  peculiar  cadet  rode  all 

the  way  to  the  army. 


LESSON  NINE 

SYLLABLES  FORMED  BY  JOINING  STRAIGHT  AND 
CURVED  STROKES. 

FIRST  POSITION, 
peeth      pauth      pith      poth      beeth      bauth      bith      both 

1     >       }      >     * 


teeth      tauth      tith      toth      keeth      kauth      kith      gauth 

F     {    «!     [    T     -r  ~c    n 


goth      heeth      hauth      hith      hoth      peesh      paush      pish 

T        <T       <tf       ^ 


posh      beesh      baush      bish      bosh      teesh      taush      tish 

;  /  j 


tosh        jish      josh      keesh      kaush      kish      kosh      reesh 
/  /         /          ^  V  -y 


raush      rish      rosh      heesh      haush      hish      hosh      peel 


paul      pill      poll      beel       haul       bill       boll       teel       taul 

>          >•>':>>    f 


till      toll      deel      daul      dill      doll      cheel      chaul      chill 


<*' 


choll      jeel      jaul      jill      joll      keel      peer      paur      beer 

/ '  S    T    S  ^ 


baur       teer      daur      cheer      chau      keer      kaur       reer 


peem      paum      pirn      pom      beem      baum      him      teem 


taum      tim      torn      deem      daum      dim      dom      cheem 


chaum     chim      chom     keem      kaum     kim     kom     geem 
/C          A         A     — -^       — -      ~-^-N    _-^      — ^ 


gaum      gim      gom      reem      rim      pimp      pomp      baump 


49 


bimp        bomp      timp      tomp      chanmp      chimp      chomp 

V 


kimp        komp        gaump        gimp        gomp        romp        ping 

""'^  T~f^         /  >»/ 


pong      bing      bong      taung      ting      tong      daung      ding 

\*     V,     V       C       L.      C       C       L 


dong      ching      chong      iing      jong      keeng      king      kong 

L     L      L     L    C     ^   ~  — 


geeng      gaung      gmg      gong      ring      rong 


feep      faup      fip      fop      fib      fob      feech      fauch      fich 


fij       fik       fig       fog      veep       vaup       vip       vop       veeb 

S    S 


vaub      vib      veech      vauj      vij      voj      veek      vauk      vig 


voe       thaup       thip       thop       thib       thob       thcech       thich 


thoch       thik       thok       thig       thog       sheep       shaup       ship 

<-  c_  <_  <_ 


shop      shaub      shib      shob      sheek      shauk      shik      shig 

2- 


sheeg      shig      shog      leep      laup      lip      lop      laub      lib 

t\ 


lob      leech       lauch       lich       loch       leej       lauj       lij       loj 

/f\/7     /C7     (7     tf    (7     tf    fl 


leek       lauk      lik      lok      leeg      laug      lig      log      jneech 


mauch      mich      moch      meej      mauj      mij      moj      meek 


mauk       mik       mok       meeg       maug       mig       mog       neep 


naup       nib      nob       neech       nauch       nich       noch      neej 

' 


nauj      nij      no;      neek     nauk      nik      nok      neeg      naug 


nig      nog 


FIRST  POSITION  SYLLABLES  CONTAINING  DIPHTHONGS. 


pile      bile      tile      dile      chile       jile      kile      gile      pire 

S    /  /'   - 


bire         tire          dire          kire          pime          bime          time 


dime     chime     like     mile     poil     boil     toil     doil     koil     goil 

u    J-  r    T  j.    >  /  /•! 


PRACTICE  AND   DRILL   OF   SYLLABLES.   VOWELS 
AND  DIPHTHONGS. 

SYLLABLES      FORMED      BY     JOINING     STRAIGHT      AND 
CURVED    STROKES. 

SECOND  POSITION  SYLLABLES. 

puth      peth      path      beth      booth      bath      tuth      tooth 


tath      doath      dooth      deth      keth      kooth      kath      goath 

--f-4  .....  M-^--^--^--*.. 

gooth      guth      geth      gath      raath      roath      rooth      rath 


reth      rath      hoath      hoosh       hush      hesh      hash      pale 


pole       pool       pul       pel      pal       bale       bole       bool       bal 


tale     tole      tool      tui      tel      tal      dale      dole      dool      dul 


koal      kool      gale     goal     gool      gull      pare'    pore      poor 


par      bare      boare      boor      bar      tare      tore      toor      tar 


chare      chore      choor      jar      rare      pame      pome      poom 


pern      pam      bame       borne       boom       bum      bem       bam 


tame      tome      toom      tern      tarn      dame      .dome      doom 


dum       dem       dam       chum       jame       jum       jem       jam 

..U.  -U         .jL.  J^.  J^  .A. 


54 


kame      kome      koom      kum      kem      kam      rame      rome 


room       rum       rem       ram       fup       fep       fap       fub       feb 


fab      fech      fuj      fake      foke      fek      fak      Vake      voke 
vek      vak      fog      vog      veg      vag      thap      thup      thach 


fob       thek      thug      shape       shep       shake      shuk       shag 

.._<  ___  -_-- 


lape      lope       lup       lep      lap      luch       lech       lach       lake 


loke     look     lul     lak     leg     lag     log     much     mach     make 


moke      muk      mek      nape      nap      noch      nok      nak 


PRONUNCIATION    OF   SYLLABLES   IN   THE    MIDDLE    OR 
END  OF  WORDS. 

peth       beth       teth       deth       cheth       jeth       keth       geth 


reth       heth       pesh       besh       tesh       desh       chesh       jesh 


kesh      gesh      resh      hesh     pall      ball      tall      dall      chall 


jail       kael       gael       par      bar       tar       dar      char       jar 


kar      gar      pern      bem      tern      dem      chem      jem      kem 


gem      rem     pemp      bemp     temp      demp      chemp      jemp 

-J?*- 


kernp     gemp      remp     peng     beng      teng      deng     cheng 

*s*~  _/2*~  ^.  —     _-\.r_-_._.^-.- 


Odd 


WORDS. 

path__\ path  way  _\ Bethany  _\ teeth. 

death..  I CatholicIIOCI    _  gothic_~V«__  wreathe 

I  " 

heath.  f*_S__  push_\__  bush.V..  dash.l.  cashier..^. 
.^^2. gush ^Z. htish eZ^)__    _  politic .N/lT 


balcony  \  ____   dally  __1^__   gallery 

barely  -V^.^   tar__  I     _    dare__l      _   jar._/  -    cargo.  .T 


career_w!/_  rear 


I  /U  /- 

dictum,  j redeem chummy  ./^\ jam 

^-~> 
comedy n^_4__  gummv,    /-N        remedy ^/l.\_  panj 

tongue^ X^__  kingdom __rTV=v  ring_^_"T_ hang. 

fudge.  \^__  factory >s^_,_  .  fng-V ,      fop.Vv^^.  revoke >^>i 

vagaryv s'_       thatch jL thick___( thug t—» 

shabbily.  V..  shock..^/ julep__^r\_  Caleb___jLA_ 

comic      ^.-^    catnip.TTlX.    naphtha .JTTN.-    knob .V  — 

nudge. __/..  technic_L^__     calamity ^jTT_J  calumny. 


THIRD  POSITION. 


elk_  x_ alp___^r ink arch.J^.   __  urge_I^\ 


avouch  _J£__ 


WORD-SIGNS. 

acquiesce _TT)__  actual. __^C_  anyhow company. 

continue  J_         electricity _/£"         legible. y^A..  illegible 

~  ""^—^ 

i r regular _J\_ magazine.  _xr>^__   magnanimnns     ^-^ 

SENTENCES. 

He  was  too  magnanimous  to  take  the  money  that  the  poor 
boy  owed  him  for  the  meal. 


A.  ---  < 


He  put  the  catnip  and  the  naphtha  in  a  jug  and  ate  the  jam 
on  a  cake. 


/      ~~v~"V       —  v  —  f  /      •!  ^ 


He  will  continue  in  your  company  for  a  mile. 


58 


LESSON  TEN 

SYLLABLES  FORMED'  BY  JOINING  TWO  CURVED 
STROKES. 

FIRST  POSITION  SYLLABLES. 

feef      fauf      fif      veef      vauf      vif      theef      thauf      thif 

V  V  W  V  ^  ^ 


sheef       shauf       shif       leef       lauf       lif       meef       mauf 

rv.  A 


mif      neef      nauf      nif      feev      fauv      fiv      veev      vauv 


viv       theev       thauv       thiv       sheev       shauv       shiv       leev 


lauv       liv       meev       tnauv       miv       neev       nauv       niv 


feeth      fauth      fith      veeth      vauth      vith      sheeth      leeth 


lauth       lith       meeth       mauth        mouth        mith        neeth 


nauth      noth       fish      fosh      veesh      vaush      vish      leesh 


laush       lish        meesh        maush        mish        neesh       naush 


59 


nish       feel       fall       fill       veal       vaul       vol       leel       laul 


HI      lol       meel       mawl       mill       mol       neel       nawl       nol 


feer      veer      vaur       sheer       shawr       leer       meer       neer 

s  s  s 


foam      fim      veem      vim      theem      thim      sheem      shim 


.U. 


leem       lim       meem       mim       neem       nim       yeem       fing 


ving      thing      shing      ling      ring      ning 

(         )      s^*-'  y^-'  ^-^~ 

X^          **— '  ' 


FIRST  POSITION  SYLLABLES  CONTAINING  DIPHTHONGS. 


fife      vife      vive      life      nife       five       live       nive       file 


foil       lile       loil       mile       nile       fire       vire       liar 


mre 


SECOND  POSITION  SYLLABLES. 


fuf      lofe      mafe      muff      nafe      nuff      fuv      fev      thev 


XT 


shave      shove      shuv      lave      lev      mave      mev      moov 


nave       nove       nev       noov       fath       feth       veth       sheth 


laath      loth      lath      lale      lole      lul      male      mole      nole 


nale      fore      far      vore      var      zar      zore      share      shore 


lore       more       mare       mar       nore       fame       fam       fum 


vame      vam      vum      them      shame      sham      shum      lame 


-Xr^x 


V^».  ---  ^=>  ----  -t^. 


lome      lum      mame      mam      mum      name      fang      vang 
thang      shang      lang      rang      mang      nang 


61 


WORDS. 


fiftyh^  —  thief— -\-_  chef_  J__  C; 

Vv_  ^y  /<\v  ( 

muffJTTL.-  knife five^Jl, revive___^_  thievish__X^/ 

I  '  >  V 1  /  I 

chevalier^^,^.  move _>s~_   knavish_'_v«</_-   faith, _>L. 

J-               ^7                            -^^~7                     V_ 
sheathe__C_ lath_/_I mammoth L_  beneath_i^I 

•/\~  ^' 

reveal__   y^___  shale_^l__^,_ 

chenille_^^__  revere____JT^  Czar__)    _  pillar 


ish.x^r^.  Bedlam __v_._  memory ^r*rcv      name_>_xcr^ 

//  • 

Shanghai  y^      earth    TX       earl_J7x anthem_^rf_. 

(          ? 

SYLLABLES   EXPRESSED    BY   JOINING   THREE   STROKES. 


pink       bink       tink       dink       chink       jink       kink       gink 
\^> —        O —        O —     — »^> —    —**s~ 


rink      hink       think       shink       link       mink       nink       rink 


monk      rank      shank      hank      donk      tank      punk      lunch 

/^~  J  S^~~ 

-^~>*fjr-—-^  -----  \ZJ~"  *"' 

junk 


62 


WORDS. 

hank.c/C^T.  tank_^ chunky kink! 

._  launch.J", 

WORD-SIGNS. 


failure  _vL__^__  forever  and  ever.Js^ junior .£___. 

S_  i 

languish /T±?__  punctual_X^r-  anguish_v^_  New  York.llTl. 

SENTENCES. 
He  will  leave  New  York  for  Shanghai,  China,  tomorrow. 


He  bought  a  jar  of  jam,  and  ate  it  on  the  cake. 


._*. 


He  had  a  long  rope  which  he  tied  to  a  pole  on  the  beach. 


For  a  joke  he  rang  the  bell  in  the  tower. 


63 


LESSON  ELEVEN 

SYLLABLES  COMMENCING  AND  ENDING  WITH  "S." 

The  sounds  of  "s"  or  "z"  when  commencing  or  ending  a 
syllable  are  expressed  by  a  small  circle,  which  may  be  attach- 
ed to  all  syllable  stems.  It  is  written  on  the  right  side  of 
downward  strokes,  on  the  left  side  of  upward  strokes,  on 
the  upperside  of  horizontal  strokes,  and  within  curved 
strokes. 

pes      bes      tes      des      ches      jes      kes      ges      hes      res 

J?  ____  t  ____  .P  ____  Q  -----  D  ---  _xx  —  £-  ---  *--  --- 


fes      ves      thes      sees      shes      les      ars      mes      nes      ens 


ways       yeas       spes       sebs       stes       seds       sechs       sejs 

.^..  E.-..  L...,/..../ 


seks    segs     sels     sers     sems     sens     sengs     sways     semp 
_6  -----  _fi__  ^ra  _  _  - 


The  "s"  circle  is  written  on  the  outside  of  angles. 
custody,."^  ___  dispatch..^.  ___  discuss  _______  dusty  __  JL  ___ 

When  the  circle  occurs  between  two  curved  strokes  it  may 
follow  the  direction  of  either. 


incense 


^Trx                 V 
vessel _\^_  pencil  _\.^  miser saucerlA 


64 


When  the  circle  occurs  between  a  straight   stroke  and   a 
curve  it  should  be  written  within  the  curve. 

S^  x.  /  s^ 

Edison  I reason basin __?c_-t  chosen _<£u_  hasten  _<£i__ 

When  the  circle  begins  a  word,  it  is  read  first  before 
everything. 

seat seal seem sage_>^t_  sake.q. i . _  safe_JL^_ 

When  the  circle  ends  a  word,  it  is  read  last  of  all. 

I  /O  9  r  V 

dose_t lace_^j_  mouse^^_  race_^<__  case o._  lace.x*^. 

— >  s^?  Q_4  /^ZA 

savages -^-' matches. ^L^  latchesyl<s_  Sundays__Jb.  revise 

(x  has  a  sound  of  "eks")  ex 


SYLLABLES   BEGINNING.  AND   ENDING   WITH   "S" 

CIRCLE,  CONTAINING  LONG  AND  SHORT 

VOWELS  AND  DIPHTHONGS. 


peps       beps       taps       deps       chaps       japs       kaps       gaps 


raps       haps      pebs       bebs       tubs       dabs       chebs       jobs 


kabs   skeps   gabs   skech   skej   spek   peks  .speks 

__^ 


65 


taks       stak     staks       deks       cheks       jaks       keks       reks 
_] o_. 


pegs       spegs      begs       tags       dogs       jugs       kegs       skegs 
-N  —  o 


gags      speth      baths      speel      bells      dolls      chills      teers 


reers      pams      spasms      beers      teems      deems      chimes 
«  ^          ^  ^  A 


times      dimes      limes       slimes      jemps       lemps       slemps 


naps      snaps      spong      pongs      spang      rings    figs    fixs 


nix     sniks    box     tax     lax     sleks    vex    vaks  ("x"  has  the 


sound    of   "eks")      fovs        shevs        levs        slevs        nevs 


mevs       moths       smoths       reeths       mills       neels       besk 


66 


smooth       smooths      smels       ferns      leers       seers      seris 

* 

-^~> 


gesp      rings      pinks       spank      spanks      tanks      chunks 

_r>          /^          V_^-* 
III 

lunks      slunks      kinks      honks      shanks      skanks      hesk 

resk_Z_77~_ 

WORDS. 

asm_2c^__  received  ______  stay  __  /•  ___  said  __  I  __  sage  __  X. 

.*^._  save_JS-»-__  same.ozr^^.-  sane_5Lt>  __  seethe  __  C  ___ 

sir_rTX_  cerise  ______   space.  _^So._   stay  __  L;  ___   stays  __  Jl__ 

-t  */>  f* 

messages__«<_  ___  sages_^_  __  ^^  sells  ___  6  ____  sneeze 


smokes  ^=%_JD_  task.J  __  gasp_T7x_  slings  _____  slumps_^___ 

^~^\  S~^^  /^\  -  v 

cellar.^  ___  \_  celery  __(i  ____   slavic_jl_V__  capsule  ____  _\a_ 

)j» 
captious.  __X>_  pepsin  _\._  ___  science  ________  desk.    I  ____ 

<J  V^    ^ 

task.J  __  gusty.  J7T--   sleep  __  1  ___   sack_o  ___  '  side_^|_  __ 

sides  __  ^t  ____   rise  ____  ^  ___   face.      \-o  lace     /*  ^_ 

67 


WORD-SIGNS. 


f~^%    anxious _J^dL_  business possible. 

c? 

special __?v__  subject___V_  announce. influence 


is_.        _  his._          _  as___ft_.  _  has__jcz myself 


himself _^rs._.  yourself __.&__  postoffice_\e__  simply. 

Vx> 


<L-/  / 

impossible..^...  sufficient __vV__  single ,__  this 

f  ^~~^^\  J^  v) 

those. _4z. thus 4 senior _J_  respect ^x_X_  it  is^ 


PHRASE  SIGNS. 


yours  truly  _jb___  yours  sincerely  .^9..  yours  respectfully  __»_. 

<_p  s° 

sent  us  ______  send  us_.^£__  mail  us_<rr>/.  __  give  us 


just  had  __  S-  ___  must  be_^«^  ____  ^  anything  else  ___  ^.JQ 


^  ^ 

I  am :_  income.^. domesticAr31_  et  cetera  (etc.)__L^ 

SENTENCES. 
Sir:  Send  us  by  mail  bill  for  10  kegs  of  nails.      Yours  truly. 


68 


He  was  a  senior  at  Yale  and  said  he  was  anxious  to  go  into 
business. 


He  will  mail  us  the  subject  of  his  speech  to-morrow. 

o 

x_T\  f  O  \f.  N. 


He  had  too  much  sympathy  for  the  boy  to  take  his  small 
remittance. 


It  is  impossible  for  us  to  have  him  come  here  to-day. 
<n>  Vo  §  ^ 


He  will  speak  on  the  subject  of  the  Income  tax  to-morrow 


69 


LESSON  TWELVE 


"SES"  CIRCLE  SYLLABLES. 


The  syllables  "ses,"  "sus,"  "cis,"  "sys"  and  "zes"  are  ex- 
pressed by'  a  large  circle  four  times  the  size  of  the  l's"  circle, 
and  can  be  joined  to  any  straight,  slanting  or  curved  syllable, 
stem  or  syllable  formed  of  more  than  one  stroke,  thereby  ad- 
ding the  syllable  "ses"  to  any  syllable  stem  to  which  the  large 
circle  may  be  attached. 


WRITE  FOR  CORRECTION. 


voices,  taxes,  thesis,  bases,  necessity,  ceases,  guesses,  masses, 
raises,  nieces,  Sorosis,  fusses,  teases,  chases,  revises,  carouses, 
vices,  novices,  chastises,  it  is  necessary,  it  is  as,  it  has  as 


SENTENCES. 


He  saw  Coxes'  army  in  Texas.  He  will  leave  for  the 
United  States  in  May.  I  hope  he  will  send  us  the  molasses  as 
soon  as  possible.  The  boy  teases  his  nieces  and  chases  the  geese 
He  carouses  in  the  houses  of  his  nieces  and  chastises  the  boy 
because  he  notices  his  vices.  He  thinks  it  is  necessary  to  speak 
to  the  masses  on  the  subject  of  the  high  taxes.  He  thinks  it  is 
as  large  as  the  United  States  Army.  A  synopsis  of  his  speech 
will  be  sent  to  the  United  States  Senate.  He  arises  and  arouse!; 
the  ire  of  the  masses.  He  will  go  to  his  offices  to  make  a  diag- 
nosis of  the  case. 

70 


PRONUNCIATION  OF  SYLLABLES  WITH  "SES"  CIRCLE 

ADDED. 

(First  position  syllables). 

^                            ^                              ^.                              /* 
peeses___V_ pauses__j:r_ bosses..  _„ teeses__5^ 


L  L  /'  /• 

tosses 5^ deeses___V_ cheeses fr _  jeeses__Q._ 


kisses.l        ..  kauses_'_.      _  rises 1_  hisses,'      _  feeses „. 


£>  c)  r) 

ttl&fiCfiC.  Cf*(*Cf*t:  ^"^  O?k  \1G(*Q  ^— ^  C 1 7f*€ 

lllCCbCo^.  M  .     oCCoCo „     aaUoCo^  _  .     al^Cs,, 


,  ~  ~^  6 

leeses__ misses „__  neeses weeses__ yeeses 


SECOND  POSITION  SYLLABLES. 

pases__j?Q__  poses.  _^O__  bases.  _Sb--  dases__D_  doses  __  13.  . 
chases  ___  iJ__  chooses.  _££___  cases__Q_  ___  gazes  O  ___ 
razes  __^2__  roses  __/5__  hoses  __  <rr__  faces_!>Q_  vases  _>sO. 
susies___<2-_  ___  laces  ___  cT___  loses__^T_  ___  maces  __  /£t£  ___ 


...  nooses  -^. 


SYLLABLES  FORMED  BY  TWO  STROKES  WITH  "SES" 
CIRCLE  ADDED. 


kepses JI^^O jepses X^__^__  tekses LJd 

bokses Nk__Q kokses _«— £^ 


WORDS  CONTAINING  "SES"  CIRCLE. 

^  <_  r  lr  _ 

pieces_____  pauscs__y__  teases__^rL_  dices_____  caoses__' 


races___<?_ faces__VjQ laces__/ll notices__JJQ 

A,.  S  9 

success _jgi=X)_  dispossess ?&„  sauces recess__i 

tv 

diagnosis molasses _<^T_  synopsis_.TLJQ- 

The  "ses"  circle  may  be  vocalized  by  placing  a  vowel  in  the 

tenter. 

/©  w> 

sausage r___   decisive J^r__   exhaust.. ntL,   exercise JT^: 


emphasize>d\ig)_ 

When  the  $ound  of  "s"  follows  the  syllable  "ses"  the  small 
"s"  circle  may  be-continued  within  the  "ses"  circle. 

© 
exercises  -TYjx.  -  successes  .o^-  possesses.^),  recesses,^..  __ 

WORDS  WRITTEN  IN  THE  THIRD  POSITION. 

axes.  __Q___    offices  ___\^__   opposes.   \«.  ___    abysses  __ 
arises.   P_  __  arouses_^^__ 

WORD-SIGNS. 


O 
as  has  ___  D  ____  is  his  _______  i  as  soon  as__Q,£X.  ___  United 


.  __  necessary  _______  as  soon  as  possible. 

ourselves  .1  __   yourselves  __  j£_  __ 


LESSON  THIRTEEN 
"ST"  AND  "SD"  LOOP. 


The  sound  cf  "st"  when  commencing  or  ending  a  syllable 
is  expressed  by  a  long,  narrow  loop,  attached  to  the  syllable  stem. 


PRONUNCIATION  OF  SYLLABLES  WITHOUT  VOWELS.  BE- 
GINNING  AND  ENDING  WITH  THE  "ST"  AND  "SD"  LOOP. 


step 


\.._  steb_,\_,_  stet../_ 


^._  .   best__Nt>_  .   test_.._b_.  .   dest_.JL__i, 


steth__ll 

<^ 

stan. 

chest  __  ^  __  jest  __     ___  Rest  __  «a  __  gest.^^j,  __  rest  __  </..~~ 
hest  __«i^.__fest_.^s=>_  vest__Vo.._  tnest  ___  i)^_ 


..  kekst 


73 


WORDS    CONTAINING    SYLLABLES    ENDING    WITH    "ST" 

AND    "SD"    LOOP;    WRITTEN    IN    FIRST,    SECOND    OR 

THIRD     POSITIONS,     ACCORDING    TO     PRONUNCI- 

ATION  OF   FIRST   SYLLABLE   IN   WORD. 

steep  __  _!__   state  ___  (  ___  stub___\__  stud  ___  L__  stage_/__  __ 

si 
_«^r-__   stuff__vL_   stiff 


*~ 
stellar.  £7____  star__7^__  steam_  _____  stitch__  ____  stem_c2^N__ 


>*— '  Nr  i^  Nt 

sting stung_A_x__  post___X; pieced ...  paste__3i-_ 


taste__(i__   tasty__|__   moist_lTl__   moisty^Tl----   rust_^c_  __ 

_^^X_  dust  __  b  ___  dusty__t  ___   writs  ______  rest_^___ 

,  aroused^_y^_  ___  test  ___  h  _____  attest.l  _____ 


j_  __  adjust.,  i  ___  accost...^.  arrest_y2  __  atheist_.Y__ 
coaxed  ._^=>_    taxed_JL*a_.    boxed 


V-H/ 

effaced.  _W-_  manifest.  __V^_  industry  ____  .c___  costly  _ 


stylish 


foremost.^C     _    earnest.  I\_^_    tapestry  _\_/-_ 

\v 

finest  _______  vainest.  ^v^,.   utmost.   I  ____   starling  J^V_T_ 


pastry  ,^^___    ghostly.  .^^^L    storm_?;\^__    justify.  _ 
vastly__Ss=yc   detest.  _\  ...    stealth  _j£lL__    chemist__ 


74 


-I  '<  r- 

noticed.^.JL.  richest  ______  steel  _____  stale  __  <f__  stole  __  ^__ 

T.  stately  __£!_  costly  ^f^fi  store.^cX-.  stoppage__V  _ 
^   opposed.  -e--   toast  ___  fc  ___   rejoi 


ministry  ^^^   opposed.  -e--   toast  ___   ___   rejoiced 


\e 

invoiced  ______  revised.  .  devised  __  1_.    .  sliced.. 

\* 


spiced sneezed.! rejoiced _ stemless_£Z^/T_ 

^  P  X7 

stencil (___   stethoscope.  Js_-      stigma.swn   stillerto 0. 

statistics.  JJT? stanza_J_) starve.JrtX status.. 

steady L stay  __r__. 


__  L  ___ 


WORD   AND   PHRASE  SIGNS. 


4 

at  first..  I abstract.V  __  distinct distinguish 


distinctive extraordinary extra extravagant.  .  <^i. 

f                                        f2-  , 

illustrate illustrated  catalogue just  as  soon  as_J?r_. 

first.  _^ by  the  first mystery request. 

stenographer _\_  stenography stenographic.. 

a  ^^ 

southwest.  _  s* southeast,  __T^_ 

75 


WRITE  FOR  CORRECTION. 


post,  toast,  host,  haste,  hasty,  rest,  unrest,  most,  incased, 
amazed,  chest,  lest,  dust,  mist,  misty,  staid,  chaste,  latest,  last, 
laziest,  forest,  must,  cussed,  coasts,  detest,  disgust,  supposed, 
disposed,  dismissed,  rejoiced. 


SENTENCES. 


She  was  amazed  at  the  lace  which  she  saw  in  your  illustrated 
catalogue  of  last  May. 

Just  as  soon  as  the  stenographer  saw  the  stenography  in  her 
stenographic  book  she  read  a  page  to  the  Judge  in  the  jail. 

In  disgust  she  saw  he  was  disposed  to  dismiss  the  case. 

The  last  magazine  she  read  was  published  in  January;  the 
latest  magazine  came  out  in  May. 

He  is  the  laziest  boy  in  the  State  and  should  act  in  haste 
or  he  will  be  dismissed. 

She  bought  the  costly  lace  in  the  richest  store  of  the  city. 

The  stately  lady    ejoiced  that  the  white  tape  was  invoiced 
on  the  bill. 

She  sliced  the  spiced  cake  and  revized  a  stanza  of  his  poem- 

The  lowest  step  is  just  as  necessary  as  the  highest. 

76 


LESSON  FOURTEEN 
"STER"  LOOP  SYLLABLE. 

When  the  syllable  "ster"  occurs  in  the  middle  or  end  of 
words,  it  can  be  expressed  by  a  long  wide  loop,  broader  and 
longer  than  the  narrow  loop  expressing  the  endings  "st-sd." 

This  loop  adds  the  syllable  "ster"  to  all  syllable  stems  to 
which  it  is-  attached.  It  is  never  used  at  the  beginning  of  a 
syllable. 

PRONUNCIATION  OF  SYLLABLE  STEMS  WITH  "STER" 
LOOP  ATTACHED. 

pester  __  _^5£L  __  bester__X>_  ___  tester  ___  u  ____  dester  __  Jb  ___ 
Chester.  _£L  ___  jester__^_  __  kester___^3  ___  gester  __     s-^ 
tester  ___  1^___  hester  ____  £____  fester  __  jc^  ___  vester  __  5ct  __ 
thester  ___  jl  __    sester__^  ____    lester  __  C-_  __    mester  __  ^^^. 


WORDS. 

poster__JS}__   boaster__NQ  __   toaster__4$  ___   duster 


f  ester 


Chester,  jd  _       Custer       ^-^       arrester  __  O_ 
//  '/  / 

oyster_fl  ___    Sylvester  ______    mister  _______    Nestor.  _ 


yesterday  _M_  __  manifesdyrTtnSa-BaxterX^^O-  tipster 

-~-^O  s~~^    . 

minister  ______  ministers  _____  tipsters 


77 


WORD-SIGNS. 


unconscious.     /_  systematic Justice  of  the  Peace__o/_. 

significant insignificant falsehood___4 

postmaster_^C5> most 


SENTENCES. 
He  was  unconscious  so  she  sent  for  the  Justice  of  the  Peace. 

X         S 


It  is  a  most  important  and  significant  fact  that  she  saw  him 
J- 


take  systematic  exercises  each  day. 

.L  -£L.    ._-^.._l._t. 


She  made  an  oyster  pie  for  the  minister. 
J  \    ^  ^^ 

_-^__....^._ ^-^f?-*- 


78 


LESSON     FIFTEEN 


ASPIRATE  "H";  "ING"  DOT;   DISJOINED 
SYLLABLES. 


The  syllables  taken  up  in  this  lesson,  commence  with  the 
aspirate  "h/'  which  is  expressed  by  a  small  slanting  tick,  writ- 
ten in  such  a  manner  as  to  form  a  sharp  angle  with  the  syllable 
stems  to  which  it  is  attached.  It  is  always  written  and  read 

first. 


WRITE  FOR  CORRECTION. 


Harlem,  Hickey,  hire,  hole,  ham,  hammock,  hale,  whack, 
whiskey,  huckster,  checking,  bathing,  saving,  sneezing,  smok- 
ing, gasping,  slinging,  pacing,  emphasizing,  opposing,  arising, 
shaving,  whipping,  moving,  saving,  facing,  erasing,  sending, 
exercising,  doing,  meetings,  hanging,  feeling,  dated,  aided, 
tooted,  booked,  looked,  poppy,  jockey,  foggy,  Maggie. 


SENTENCES. 


He  will  pay  the  bill  if  the  establishment  will  ship  the 
goods  immediately. 

Jim  Hickey  will  emphasize  the  advantages  of  systematic 
early  rising  in  his  speech  on  health. 

He  whacked  at  the  hornet  and  hit  the  hermit. 

He  took  the  whiskey  and  whistled  in  the  hall   for  the 
jockey. 

79 


SYLLABLES  BEGINNING  WITH  ASPIRATE  "H." 


_2^X^  harped  __\, 
.^O^,   hak     .  hakd_^^_  __   heg_j_;  __ 

(Syllables  beginning  with  "wh"  which  have  a  sound  of  "hw.") 
whep__7\_  ___  whepd  __  7X:  ___  wheb  __  _7\..__  whek  __  J^ 


WORDS. 


hackney.*—  ^..^  \\t\\o_^C_  __  halo_i/5l  __  hall  ______  hardy__!l. 


whim 
\ hornet.  _^X^-    whiskey 


V 


whistle. 

80 


DISJOINED  SYLLABLES. 


The  syllables  "tute,"  "tude,"  "ted,"  "ded,"  when  occur- 
ring in  words  where  the  shortening  principle  could  not  be 
distinguished,  may  be  disjoined  and  written  close  to  the  word 
of  which  they  form- a  part. 

deeded notated__^TI/|._   rotated.^/?!. dictated.JL-  — 

destitute L 

»l 


They  may  also  be  disjoined  to  show  past  tense.- 

popped.  \,  ___  kicked  _______  cooked  __  .  __  judged  __  .j£  ___ 

\    '  * 

\_  ___  i  - 

picked  _______  hooked  __  c_^_-  tacked.^L,^  __  checked  __ 


racked^  jdll  studied 


ied  _f  ____ 
II 


To  express  the  last  syllable  in  words  such  as  "baby," 
"chubby/*  "buggy,"  the  last  stroke  of  the  preceding  syllable 
may  be  repeated. 


baby.V tippy. _S^_  chubby.  / buggy  \         cookie.. 


In  reading,  the  syllable  form  of  two  strokes  is  read 
first,  the  remaining  syllable  stroke  last,  as  follows:  Babe-by, 
tip-py,  chub-by,  kook-ky. 

The  syllable  "ing,"  when  ending  a  word  is  expressed  by 
a  dot,  written  at  the  end  of  the  syllable  it  follows: 

.    .  I  \  v  S\ 

doing J-_ being paying _\ reaping • 

saying Jl laying,  /il repaying '_ delaying 


<L^»  \ ,  "=> •  n 

singing picking sticking stuffing >*.._ 

f  ^ 

listing wresting. _.^_  detesting. _ I wronging.^t'J- 

)                            /A                          •                            o 
seeing '_ repeating "__   sending.  _tvr__   saving.  __Sr-. 

taking.  J making. ^z^—.    loving. /^\_, 


The  syllable  "ly"  may  be  disjoined  when  convenient, 
justly __^-__  vastly  _V 

WORD-SIGNS. 

feature.  _  future___\ fact___v____  establish.. 

establishment astonishment. _J__      .  astonish.}. 


immediately.. ^___  immediate. ^T...  under_^___  hand 

82 


LESSON  SIXTEEN 

"W"  AND  "Y"  COALESCENTS. 

Syllables  commencing  with  the  sound  of  "w"  and  "y" 
followed  by  the  sound  of  a  vowel,  are  called  coalescents,  and 
are  expressed  by  small  semicircles,  which  can  express  a  syl- 
lable in  themselves,  or  form  part  of  a  syllable  by  being  at- 
tached to  syllable  stems. 

These  semicircles  are  made  both  light  and  heavy ;  the 
heavy  semicircles  express  the  sounds  of  long  vowels,  the  light 
semicircles  express  the  sounds  of  the  short  vowels.  The  direc- 
tions in  which  these  semicircles  are  turned  show  the  kind  of  a 
vowel — whether  a  dash  or  dot  vowel. 

"W"  COALESCENTS. 

Syllables  commencing  with  "w"  containing  the  sound 
of  a  heavy  dot  vowel,  are  expressed  by  heavy  semicircles, 
opening  to  the  right. 

Syllables  commencing  with  "w"  followed  by  the  sound 
of  a  heavy  dash  vowel,  are  expressed  by  heavy  semicircles, 
opening  to  the  left. 

Syllables  comhiencing  with  "w"  followed  by  the  sound 
of  a  light  dot  vowel,  are  expressed  by  light  semicircles, 
opening  to  the  right. 

Syllables  commencing  with  "w"  followed  by  the  sound 
of  a  light  dash  vowel,  are  expressed  by  light  semicircles, 
opening  to  the  left. 

"Y"   COALESCENTS. 

Syllables  commencing  with  "y"  followed  by  the  sound 
of  a  heavy  dot  vowel,  are  expressed  by  heavy  semicircles, 
opening  at  the  top. 

Syllables  commencing  with  the  sound  of  "y"  followed 
by  the  sound  of  a  heavy  dash  vowel,  are  expressed  by  heavy 
semicircles,  opening  at  the  bottom. 

Syllables  commencing  with  "y"  followed  by  the  sound 
of  a  light  dot  vowel,  are  expressed  by  light  semicircles, 
opening  at  the  top. 

83 


"W"  COALESCENTS. 
FIRST  POSITION  SYLLABLES  (Light  and  heavy). 

«  '         <          "A         . 

wee _  swee weep____ sweep sweet 


weed  _____  .  __  sweed  ___  !_  ___  weeve____ri  ____  weel  ___  (___ 

f~  *  ^  y  —  ? 

weeld  ______  wau  ______  wasp__\_  __  wauk  ______  wauf____-__. 

j  c  &  e  c 

swash_-r_  ___  wi  _______  wis  _______  swi  _______  wit  ______ 

wid  ______  width___  ___  wich  ______  swich  ______  with  _____ 


V          \          V         1 

swif_.  _____  swift  .  wiv_.       _  swiv____r__.  with  ___  T. 


wish wing ,  swing. 

SECOND  POSITION  SYLLABLES. 

woo _> swoo__?_ wave__v__._,  wade__] wafe j_>__ 

wave__V_.__  wathe____s swope__\__  woke__i WOO___JL__ 

wet j swet__l wed__J 

"Y"  COALESCENTS. 
FIRST  POSITION  SYLLABLES  (Light  and  heavy). 

*  T  r  v  4 

yee yeel „   yeeld yi__ yid___* 

*J  ±J 

yish yo__ yot_. 


SECOND  POSITION  SYLLABLES. 

yale £__   yank_ yang_^___   yore__vd\. 

yooth ,_X_. 

>-^- 


WORDS  CONTAINING  ABOVE  SYLLABLES. 
Sweeney *_ \veep___ sweep___ sweetish \^L^ 


\  1  V.  f- 

weeding ? Swede__L weave wield 


*-*  *—  71 

Suwanee." walk switch witty J . 

widow witch swift swinging „. . 

1  4-  K* 

wavy__V51^_  woke_ji yoke  ^  Utah I Delia__J 

Dorothea. JA^_..    Heu_/TT pew__No 


The  coalescents  may  be  used  to  vocalize  words  in  the  same 
way  as  the  vowels. 


_^_    refusing  _____  .    refusal  ___      -.    beautify  __  >C  ___ 

abuse.  V 
V 


The  coalescents  may  be  joined  when  occurring  in  the  middb 
of  a  word. 


bewitch.  x___  mutilate  _^^__  bureau.     *__ 
liquid  /mL  _   puny_\s^_ 

The  coalescent  "you"  may  be  inverted,  as  in 
eucharist_0  _  ^new.,,^.  renew  ^/_lT  cute  --  ,*__  jute__/  — 

WORD-SIGNS. 


c  c 

we  ______   with  ______   were__c  ___   would__j>___  what 


u  r» 

ye  ______  year  ______  yet__u  ___   beyond  _______  you 

\e  \v 

useful__v___  you  and  I  ______  herewith. 


PHRASES. 


9  *> 

with  the  ________  with  as  much.vi  _____  as  with  the__£._. 

what  is.  the  ______  what  was  the__4_       what  would  be    V 


_i would  a  ._>. were  the__y__  you 


woul 


we  send  you we  sent  you_ 

86 


Syllables  commencing  with  "y"  followed  by  the  sound 
of  a  light  dash  vowel,  are  expressed  by  light  semicircles, 
opening  at  the  bottom. 

The  words  "way,"  "woo,"  "yea"  are  expressed  by  the 
syllable  strokes  "way"  and  "yea"  instead  of  semicircles. 

The  "s"  circle  can  be  written  within  semicircles,  either 
beginning  or  ending  a  semicircle. 

The  coalescents  can  be  used  in  the  same  way  as  vowels, 
in  vocalizing  a  word,  where  it  is  inconvenient  to  attach  them 
to  the  syllable  stems. 

WRITE  FOR  CORRECTION. 

waif,  walk,  walking,  war,  war-path,  wardrobe,  ward,  wasp, 
wave,  weal,  weave,  web,  wed,  wedding,  weed,  weedy,  weep, 
wisp,  witty,  wizard,  witch,  wooded,  yarjt^y,  yell,  yelk,  yelp, 
yore,  yule.  Yari^  yacht,  Yankee,  Eugenia,  Richlieu,  Utica, 
estuary,  usurp,  width,  eulogy,  washing,  Eureka,  emulate, 
fuse,  nephew,  swivel,  Washoe,  youngish,  yank,  mule,  swift, 
swiftly,  lithia,  execute,  acute,  accuse,  abuse,  sweaty,  Ulysses, 
washes,  weighty. 

SENTENCES. 

What  would  be  the  advantage  of  having  the  Yankee  ride 
all  the  way  to  Eureka  to  meet  his  nephew? 

The  cute  wasp  stung  the  swift  mule  on  the  ear. 

What  is  the  width  of  your  shoe? 

What  would  you  say  were  you  to  hear  that  we  were  with 
her  all  of  the  year? 

She  said  her  name  was  Dorothea  Sweeney,  and  that  she 
would  see  you  on  the  date  of  the  wedding  at  her  home  in 
Utica,  New  York  State. 

Sir:  Your  invoice  showing  cash  sales  for  the  month  of 
August  received,  and  I  am  sorry  to  state  that  it  is  impossible 
to  send  you  the  deposit  receipts,  for  the  reason  that  they 
were  sent  to  the  bank  on  last  Tuesday. 

I  am  sending  you  herewith  check  for  $24.  Acknowledge 
receipt  as  soon  as  possible.  Yours  truly, 

87 


LESSON  SEVENTEEN 


•L"  HOOK  SYLLABLES. 


The   syllables   in   this   lesson    are    expressed   by   hooked 
stems. 


In  syllables  where  the  sound  of  "1"  directly  follows  and 
blends  with  the  sound  of  the  consonant  preceding  it,  "1"  is 
expressed  by  a  small  hook,  written  on  the  right  side  of  down- 
ward strokes,  on  the  upper  side  of  horizontal  strokes  and 
within  curved  strokes.  The  hook  is  formed  first,  the  syllable 
continued  with  one  stroke. 


Hooked  stems  always  express  the  blended  sounds  of  two 
consonants. 


The  hook  on  the  syllables  "pla,"  "fla,"  "rel,"  "mel,"  "nel" 
is  made  much  larger  than  the  hook  on  the  other  strokes  and 
these  syllables  should  be  memorized  thoroughly  in  order  to 
write  them  without  hesitation  when  outlining  a  word. 


The  syllable  "shel"  is  written  upward. 

The  "s"  circle  can  be  written  within  the  hook. 


When  a  circle  and  a  hook  occur  at  an  angle  in  the  middle 
of  a  word,  the  circle  is  made  first,  and  the  hook  also  clearly 
shown  by  making  it  a  little  higher. 


PRONUNCIATION  OF  "L"  HOOK  SYLLABLES. 


pel     pla     bcl      bla     tel      de)     chel      jel      kel      gel      fel 


JL^-_VA-.L-..L-Z--/1..*^ L. 

fla      vel      thel      shel      mel      nel      rel 

^L     <L    C 

-  _>w. >»~ X ! 

*£ 
flop iL^-  pilch \ ,  plech _\ pelch__\. blech__V._. 

O  ^  ^  ^ 

^Z—       -  r     k-^~      e  "S^-  s  e   — —  Pet  -^-- 

C  C .,  f..      r  O  <^ 

i  ^  ^     '      ~J 

r^  c  o  f~:  i-j  r* 

plesh ^j--  belsh X blesh ^v--  kl€sh_J^L felsh_A>,_, 

dm_£/^_,  plemp__S^r^_  blemp_^r». 

f**  C* 

._  pling bling kling 

gling fling plink__        _  blink..        _  klink__ 


The  "s"  circle  can  be  written  within  the  "1"  hook. 


._   sevl___<L._ 

spelsh  St-  pels     \a_  ples.ScL.  bels__So_  bles__N<j_  tels__k 
J~ 

f\  S~i 

dels__i_   __chels__£ jels_^ 

fels__js*>__   fles      vp      vels__^ 

9  C 

/__  plops.JV 

^o 

felps__V 

bleshes- _\- kleshes__IZ plers__\_ klers 

^"  ] 

s.-^Ly.^-   plenks_X_ 
spels _So skels_S«p_ 

SHORTENED  SYLLABLES. 

pelts_Js^__  plets_S<i belts_5» blets_5« telt__C_ 

telts__£ klot_^_a__  gelt__<^«__  felt ^_ flet_j^_ 

^ melt__crb__  nelt__Q-/__  klept_^ir>.. 

smelts 


90 


WORDS  WRITTEN   IN   POSITION. 

^                   ^                      c;, 
plea plead ply plied plow__:\\_ 

blow Ss__  total Ji delicate £ clay_x^_ glovv.^. 

rs^ 

fly flo ^ 


canal  Phelps__x.     _   flops. J 

No 

/                t                                      "NJ 
reels fills floss__V^__  pills 

splash __J\._  snail  _.£__,__  civil __X_  flocks JL__o 

c*    -J 

^^V 

blithe A. cloth. _TI___  blushes _V clashes 

*?— — s.  °^ 

clears glares. ___I^__  plums__bv-r^ clams < 

^~^~\               ^- 
clumsy J_   film flemish .X-.cr^.  glimpse 


flopped_5L_ 


skilled  _______   blessed  __  _^  __  classed    c  ^->     placed  __  _ 


plaits S«__  fleets ^ fleeced blister 

cloisterJl plausible „__  reasonable infidel 

plateau _^s,_  unravel. __X,_  galvanize _TVw>..p  glorify. 


H 

flimsy >_„_   pleases please pleased 

s; 

pleats 

91 


When  a  vowel  is  placed  before  a  hooked  stem  the  vowel 
is  read  first. 


able §L.  awful__-XL_  eagle_____  amiable.^..   Ethel.. ^___ 

When  a  vowel  is  placed  after  a  hooked  stem  it  is  read  last. 


blue X«—  clay__c_ plausible.  __^ table £___. 

label  J^\.  gable.  r?L- 

WORD-SIGNS. 

\  c 

comply people _!s.__   belong _V^__   it  will. 


until  ___  L  ___  at  all  ___  r  ___  deliver  ____  f  ____  delivery 

/?  c__ 

each  will  ______  which  will..,/!.,  much  will  __  /»  __  equal 

difficult.  _c  ___  glory.  _<  ___  glorious     ,-    »        follow  __  ^ 
collect  .!_____  collectable.*?!^^.  C.O.D._!rfr'_.  rely.S^.. 
..  reality.S^J..  raiL.cZ.  roll.^/. 


c  ,/ 


, 

rule  __  £y/  ___  only  ________  unless__S^-?  ___  develop..  JL-- 

most  likely_^ro^n  bill  of  lading__<£C__ 


The  same  rules  for  placing  vowels  on  single,  double  and 
triple  stroke  syllables  apply  to  hooked  syllables. 


92 


WRITE  FOR  CORRECTION. 


play,  place,  places,  placed,  plague,  plateau,  platonic,  playful, 
pleural,  plight,  plumage,  plummet,  black,  blade,  blame, 
blanket,  blaze,  bleak,  clammy,  clang,  clay,  claw,  clergy,  click, 
client,  cling,  entitle,  enclose,  ennoble,  English,  entangle,  fable, 
facial,  faithful,  final,  flag,  flank,  flash,  flesh,  flimsy,  flitch, 
Florida,  fly,  flea,  flame,  glare,  glory,  gleam,  glee,  globe,  maple, 
medical,  model,  Plato,  Clara,  flew,  float,  reasonable  relent, 
plural,  declivity,  diplomacy,  classical,  physical,  climb,  chattel, 
title,  total,  totally,  juggle,  inflame,  glory,  float,  sample,  reply, 
oblige,  spiral,  camel,  canal,  relish,  details,  emphatical,  clear, 
small,  galvanized,  supply,  possible,  black,  bless,  blush,  cloth, 
pleased,  flanges,  postal,  supplied,  including,  shovel,  disclose, 
payable,  table,  focal,  vocal,  enable,  penalty,  signals,  envelope, 
Sheffield,  blue,  cycles,  capable,  apply,  article,  novel,  salable, 
nautical,  rifle,  visible,  gospel,  rascal,  splice,  knell,  barrel,  glide, 
fly,  flies,  sable,  oval,  animal,  pay-roll,  classified,  bottle,  me- 
dicinal, chemically,  notable,  notably,  plus,  vegetable,  split, 
clearly,  duplex,  unbleached,  available,  alphabetical,  bevel, 
duplicate,  optical,  novelty,  initial,  arrival,  cyclopedia,  double, 
original,  local,  horizontal,  tumble,  glass,  label,  shingle, 
shackle,  model,  included,  floor,  angle,  replace,  rambling, 
capital,  devil,  liable,  vital,  labeler,  railway,  Reynolds,  closed, 
staple,  Bible,  table,  tackle,  glass,  clash,  buckle,  able,  chapel, 
plea,  please,  pleases,  ripple,  bleak,  evil,  flee,  oval,  bleach, 
Flora,  flies,  nibble,  claw,  claim,  club,  blaze,  total,  title,  glee, 
chattel,  climb,  physical,  classical,  diplomacy,  declivity,  plural, 
relent,  reasonable,  unreasonable,  Plato,  plateau,  juggle, 
inflame,  fluency,  glory,  flimsy,  float,  fleet,  flew,  Clara,  Plato. 

SENTENCES. 

I  recollect  that  the  check  for  the  deed  was  made  col- 
lectable on  delivery. 

It  is  difficult  to  suppose  that  he  will  place  a  claim  for 
damages  in  the  hands  of  his  lawyer. 

The  rule  he  must  obey  will  cause  him  to  arise  at  6  a.  m. 
each  day. 

If  not  delivered  by  next  Tuesday,  it  may  not  be  deliv- 
ered at  all. 

93 


LESSON  EIGHTEEN 


•F"  OR  "V"  HOOK. 


The  sound  of  "f"  or  "v"  when  ending  a  syllable,  is  ex- 
pressed by  a  small  hook,  written  at  the  end  of  straight,  slant- 
ing or  horizontal  strokes.  It  is  NOT  attached  to  curves. 

The.  "f"  or  "v"  hook  is  written  on  the  right  side  of  down- 
ward strokes,  on  the  left  side  of  upward  strokes,  and  on  the 
upper  side  of  horizontal  strokes.  The  "s"  circle  may  be 
placed  within  the  "f"  hook. 


F"  or  "V"  HOOK  SYLLABLES. 


pef      bef      tef       def      chef      jef      kef      gef       ref      hef 


pefs        befs       tefs        defs       chefs        jefs        kefs        gefs 

-_\S  ____  \3  _____  li  _____  fe  _____  A  ____  A  ______  2 


refs      hefs      peft      beft      teft      deft      cheft      jeft      keft 
_Z____^  ____  \^___N*  ____  \t  ____  I  _____  L  _____  L  ____  ^_ 

geft       reft       heft 


94 


WORDS. 


puff__\i__    puffs_Aa.__   tough__L  ___  chief 

?  £ 

cave  __  a__  ca\res__2>__   heave__l"  ___  heaves  ___  .!__  cuff  __  =»__ 

cuffs  __  a__  chaff  ___  £__  caved__a  ___  puffed__\>__  Taft__L  ___ 

*y 

chaffed__<i_   gift_Tt_    raft  __  A_   beverage_\£t   cavalry__ji_ 

Comparisons  between   words  ending  with  the  sound  of 
"f"  or  "v"  and  words  ending  with  "fy"  or  "vy." 

puff__\i  _____  puffy.X  _____   cough  ___  -3.  ___   coffee.IT^,^  __ 

9 

heave  ___  I__  heavy  _^ 


WORD-SIGNS. 

ought  to  have  _________  whatever  ___  L.  _____  out  of  ___  |  ______ 

whichever.  _£___  satisfied__L  ___  which  have  __  £  __  out  of  __  I  ___ 
whichever.  _  j£_  ___  which  have__^l  ____  satisfactory  __  \^__  ___ 

govern,  government  _______  certificate  _______  certified  _______ 


WRITE  FOR  CORRECTION. 


riffraff,  referee,  rave,  raved,  reef,  cave,    dive,    dived,      hafe, 
chief,  deaf,  pave,  paved,  bereave,  taffeta,  taffy,  Tiffany,  calve. 


SENTENCES. 

He  ought  to  have  a  government  certificate  in  his  office. 
The  chief  smoked  and  puffed  in  his  cave  in  the  forest. 

95 


LESSON  NINETEEN 


"R"  HOOK  SYLLABLES. 


The  sound  of  "r,"  like  "1,"  forms  a  double  consonant  when 
it  directly  follows  and  blends  with  the  consonant  preceding 
it  in  a  syllable,  and  is  expressed  by  a  hook  written  on  the 
left  side  of  downward  strokes,  and  on  the  lower  side 
of  horizontal  strokes.  It  is  written  within  curved  strokes, 
and  in  order  to  distinguish  it  from  the  "1"  hook,  the  curves 
forming  the  syllables  "fer,"  "ver,"  "ither,"  "ther"  are  reversed 
or  turned  over.  The  outlines  for  these  four  syllables  must 
be  memorized  as  they  are"  given.  They  will  not  conflict  with 
the  syllables  usually  represented  by  these  curved  strokes,  as 
the  "r"  hook  is  not  attached  to  "ar,"  "way,"  "ith,"  "the." 

The  syllables  "mer"  and  "ner"  are  made  heavy. 


The  syllable  "ler"  is  written  upwards,  commencing  with 
a  large  hook. 

The  "s"  circle  is  written  within  the  "r"  hook  on  curved 
strokes  and  within  large  hooks  only. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  "r"  hook  can  be  expressed 
by  both  a  large  and  a  small  hook.  The  syllables  with  large 
hooks  express  the  sound  of  a  vowel  as  ending  the  syllable, 
while  the  syllables  with  small  hooks  express  the  sound  of 
"r"  as  the  last  sound  heard  in  the  syllable,  all  sounds  blending 
with  the  consonant  preceding,  or  commencing  the  syllable. 

The  "s"  circle  and  "st"  loop  may  be  added  at  the  end  of 
all  "r"  hook  syllables,  in  the  same  way  as  on  regular  syllable 
strokes. 


"R"  HOOK  SYLLABLES. 

per__V_.  pra.JX..  ber__\—  bra__\-  ter.l..  tra__1. 

der__3 dra___i cher__/^. jer__£_ ker__<rr^. 

kra_c^r ger_<r— gra_cT! 

.    ther__J}__    thra__9_ 

f\          ,           rv                     n 
ner_,^, prap_.\ brap___\ terp I 

\  \  \ 

trap L__  drap I  __  cherp_ _/___  j 

krapj  !T\_ 


dreb 


_fX __  therp__2 throp 9 sherp_   9_ preb_  \__ 

.-Y--  breb.A  __  terb___l_.  treb.H.  _.  derb.  1    ,_ 

"  \  " 

...  freb.Jl^  _  verb__Ti__  therb__D  __  throb.O. 

sherb J,.  shreb_^_ perch f\__  prech_l\__  terch 1 

O  o  s?  c — 7  C — 

trech_   /  _  cherch.  Ji_  jerch_  J?_  kerch /__  krech_2 

grech £-,  ferch_f\\_     frech_^\X__  merch  j_ 

/  / 

perj_.\__   prej__^\__   berj__\__   brej__.\ terj_^  1  __. 

O  i  <^-y  .  cr~7  o. 

trej — /__  -jeri S  _  kerj__^__  krej     JL         fen 

/  /^  ~X" 


97 


-  perk 


.  A,  __  brek__\__  terk_._X^_  trek___|  -- 


threk__D  _  shrek  __  *2L__  rnerk_£rv_~  lerk_^yI7T  perg__S 

^W  berg_A__  breg_!\_  terg__^Lr__  treg__L._ 
f\__ 


merg  ^%^     perth_j\__  preth  __  _V  _  terth__  J  ___  treth  __  Jl 
derth_  1___  dreth_T___  kreth_5Hl_  gerth_fT_  greth___C 
ferth__TX_  freth_f^\_  merth_fj__  nerth.^tTL  lerch__^ 
persh  __  !\_  ___  presh  ___  _\_  __  tersh  ___  I  ____  tresh  ___  J 
dresh  ___  ^J  ___  .kersh  __  _I7___  kresh  ___  ^)  ___  gersh___Il 
gresh..^..^  fersh__!^N___  fresh,..^,.  thresh..  0_. 
mersh  ___  2  __  nersh__3^__  lersh.L^x.  perl  __  _\_  prel  __  _\ 
berl___'\_  brel__\__  kerl__l7___  krel___|l___  gerl  __  _£_ 

__P___  threL   0__ 


1    <*"> 

men /__ 


..  therl 


_.fX«  __  dreai  ___  *««-•  ^rear  _____  --^   frear-^^—  x 

y  ^^^.  <^>~^ 

..^^!.  __  merar  _____  TJV_  mearar  _____  7\..prem_ 

term__i^v_  trem  __  Lr=^  derm  __  \^-=^  drem  __  ]r=^_  grem 


98 


t>, 


____  frang__7.__ 

prenk   ^^^       hrenk  *A^        trenk__\_^__  __  drenk  __  \_ 

shrank. 


WORDS  CONTAINING  THE  FOREGOING  SYLLABLES. 

percale_<}sv_  _  pra.vity__V_  ___  berry_J\^  __  bracket_I\__  __ 
terminate  _1—  Nt_,_  traduce  __  I  ____  dermis__Lra  __  draggle.  _j.  __. 
Jersey  __  2_  __  ^  kernel.cT^v--  ^aS§fer  __  »n  ___  cravet____V.  __ 
gravity  _(ET!kr_  ferocity  ^^j..  fragile_5I^  __  verbaLJT^.^ 

thermaL.Xr^.  throttle.O  __  sherbet.^  ___  shrubbery  _^Xj 
mermaid  _crrv=k_  nourish  __  ^3...  propagate..X__  abruptly_C\__ 

trapping  __  L  _____  drop  ___  L  ____  chirp  __  ^/l.,.  carp__I\_  __ 

crape.fllX.  grip_I_A  __   Thorp  __  9  ____   i-athrop_^TJ_  __  ; 

°\ 

sharp  __  ^  ____  probe...:^-  __  barb  __  *\.  ___  bribe___N^  ____  , 

disturb__Jj  ___  tribe__V  __  drab  __  L.  __  curb.T__X_  crib  ___  \_ 
garb_^TI\.-  grab____^_  Forbes.f^^  ___  frippery___V__x_ 

verb__T^  ___  throb  __  3  ____  shrub  __  J_  ___  perch  __  I^y  ____ 

(\ 
preach_^_  ____  torch.1  ____  treachery  __  \--^--  church_/^_  ___  : 

crutch  ___  /___  march..^-/  ___  lurch__^zZ.  __  purge__!\  ___  , 


99 


prejudice.  _  A bridge.  _yi George.   / —  gorge — X. 

cv.    e  ^~>  C\  .  ,  \ 

forge___N merge____X_ park__>y prick 

^  «\  i  1_ 

Burke X-__  break __  A Turk I trick 


dirk ..I drake .._jL-^ cork c '.  crack.: 

2L 


fork JV=^._  freak shriek 

lark.J^II.  purgatory  1\,          pregnable. X-^t 

f\  V  ^ 

\—  ^\ 

intrigue drag__JU—__  cragj 

shrug _/. troth 1 dearth A Hi 

girth.."^...  GretheL.flT...  forth...^..  froth 

mirth.  .__£_  north..*!^.  trash L_  c  rush  __^/^  credits 

fresh____J\__  thrash J marsh ^ pearl I\.._ 

pearly rVTl  burlesque'Vn~umbrellari^\^rcurl_r~^_  curly j=^L, 
girLSTl  mongrelC^grillJlT  furl^.  frill.^..  thrUL^.. 

Merle C-—  prayer.  !\-_ brier.  _7^_.    _  betrayer_V. 

^>  ^\ 

drear _A crier grayer.^.lJN friar...!^.. 

shearer..-^,  nearer JL  promenade_jVr^^*  term__lrrv 

tremble. _tr^.  dormitory .1^^..  dream grim 

._   bring 


100 


n  a 

._J^C-_   drinker throng__4^___   prank__. 


trinket 

'U 


brink trunk.  _l_^__  drink 

-N 
.\^^=  shrunk  _^/^_^     decrease escrow  __\___ 


The   "s"  circle   may   be   written    within   the  "r"   hook   on 
curved  strokes. 


smear sneer severe _TX snarl. 

smirk slur__^ 

WORD-SIGNS. 

appear principle !\ practice <X_ truth J 

true o doctor , dear j during *l 

each  are which  are__/___  danger J? larger 7_. 

cure care__c^rr_  occur.. -----  degree from_l^l_. 

every very.JTN. their J they  are__^ 

f\  C    ~\ 

other ^ pleasure /_ measure 0 Mr. 

remark more____<r> ,-  humor _^_^ 

manner s.^..  owner ._  merciful_l_v;5_  remarkable.^ 

c_^ 

coirect character.crrm  everythingfZN^  proper  _J\  _. 

property _\ probable _y_ probability _\_ 


practical !\ courageous £_ universe.Ji^. 

universal S*^ci_  your  favor ^C_ 

101 


WRITE  FOR  CORRECTION. 


purr,  pry,  burr,  burly,  birdie,  Brady,  Burney,  brainy,  Terry, 
trolley,  teacher,  preacher,  Jerry,  kernel,  cranium,  girdle, 
gravy,  furtile,  frugal,  fervid,  frazzle,  thirty,  glazier,  Gilmer, 
nurse,  purse,  terse,  tress,  press,  cur,  cried,  gray,  great,  treat, 
treaty,  traded,  dinner,  banner,  refer,  fry,  fried,  vibrate,  Rich- 
ard, Detroit,  burner,  reaper,  tanner,  lunar,  wager,  preacher, 
broke,  church,  Murphy,  normal,  rumor,  cheaper,  lover,  taper, 
labor,  neighbor,  Gaynor,  cater,  gutter,  chatter,  batter,  verge, 
nourish,  nurture,  nerve,  marble,  morgue,  murmur,  hammer, 
Hebrew,  tenor,  brow,  traitor,  crow,  odor,  prairie,  trial,  paper, 
euchre,  terminate,  trapper,  archer,  maker,  baker,  taker,  rocker, 
river,  fisher,  tighter,  tutor,  butter,  crutch,  crater,  courteous, 
courtesy,  dredge,  price,  market,  proposed,  regarding  crushers, 
prison,  person,  proceedings,  inform,  form,  frame,  charge, 
terminus,  increase,  treating,  purchase,  cargo,  birds,  presume, 
trap,  paper,  imported,  parcels,  vertical,  ferry,  record,  drills, 
engineer,  armature,  alternating,  makers,  perceptible,  percent- 
age, Thursday,  indicator,  percent,  present,  endorsed,  sulphur, 
free,  copper,  flashers,  approximate,  collar,  scholar. 


SENTENCES. 

He  has  a  remarkable  personality.     The   doctor  said   he 
was  the  owner  of  the  automobile  that  injured  the  baker. 


Dear  Sir:  Your  favor  of  the  10th  inst.  received.  I  am 
sending  you  to-day  a  crate  of  fowls  to  be  cared  for  until  they 
are  called  for  by  the  owner.  I  am  enclosing  invoice  and 
bill  of  lading,  which  please  file.  Please  advise  me  as  soon 
as  the  birds  arrive.  Trusting  to  hear  from  you,  I  am, 

Yours  truly. 

Dear  Sir:  We  acknowledge  receipt  of  your  favor  giving 
nautical  miles  from  the  Battery  to  various  places,  and  thank 
you  for  your  prompt  reply  to  our  request.  Yours  truly. 

1 02 


LESSON    TWENTY 

"SPER"  SYLLABLES. 

When  "s"  precedes  the  syllables  "per,"  "her,"  "ter,"  "der," 
"cher,"  "sjer,".  "sker,"  "sger"  the  circle  is  written  on  the 
"r"  hook  side  of  the  syllable  stem,  closing  the  "r"  hook,  and 
forming  the  syllables  "sper,"  'sber,"  "ster,"  "sder,"  "scher," 
"sjer,"  "sker,"  "sger."  This  principle  will  not  conflict  with 
the  "s"  circle  syllables,  as  the  "s"  circle  is  always  written  on 
the  right  side  of  downward  strokes,  left  side  of  upward 
strokes,  and  upper  side  of  horizontal  strokes. 

WRITE  FOR  CORRECTION. 

spree,  spry,  spray,  stray,  straight,  street,  stream,  spring, 
strike,  scrape,  struggle,  prosper,  destroy,  distress,  screw, 
scribe,  stretcher,  scrupulous,  strip,  extreme,  sprig. 

SENTENCES. 

She  saw  a  straight  stream  near  the  spring. 

In  distress  she  struggled  to  express  the  surprise  she  felt 
at  the  magistrate  for  exaggerating  the  facts  of  the  case. 

The  scrupulous  lady  was  disturbed  by  the  news-boys 
shouting  about  the  extra  papers  on  the  street. 

The  spray  from  the  stream  added  moisture  to  the  air. 

She  stretched  the  string  across  the  straight  street  at  the 
extreme  corner. 

BUSINESS  LETTER. 

Dear  Sir: 

We  have  your  favor  of  the  28th  inst.,  and  wish  to  state 
that  our  stock  and  buildings  were  destroyed  by  fire  on  the 
15th,  last.  We  would  like  to  have  you  send  us  an  itemized 
statement  showing  debits  and  credits  of  everything  of  ours  that 
is  on  your  books.  On  receipt  of  same  we  will  check  it  up  and 
cheque  will  be  sent  in  the  course  of  a  few  days. 

Yours  truly, 

103 


SYLLABLES  FORMED   BY    CLOSING  THE   "R"   HOOK   ON 
STRAIGHT  AND  SLANTING  STEMS  ONLY. 


V__  spert__A._  ster  ___  J__  stert 
schert  ___  ?...  sker_^rr-__  skert__.ar-__  sger__0ri^_  sgert_jrr:_. 
spres__j*a  __  sprets.J^o.  __  stres  ___  \  __  strets  __  <t  __  skers_^rr€.' 

/q  ^  <T—  \ 

___  strep  ___  L  ____  streps  ___  I    ___  skerp  _____  A__ 

skerps__nr\>_  strech  ___  J  ____  skerch__fl/l__  sperj  __  f\  ___ 
sterj  ____  3  ___   skerj  ____  /_  __   sprem  __  _\cr>  __   strem 
strems  __  jtr*  ___   skrem  __  orrf?_ 


WORDS  FORMED  FROM  ABOVE  SYLLABLES. 

spry sprite spur__J\ spurt__SS. 

c\.                      o 
spray x stray r straight T skirts 

.  .                                      o — r~>v                    a — '~"a 
skirts sr^.^ scream * screams scratch. 

6  1"  1 

stress b street streets * straps \ 

scraps  ____\j stretch J stream 

104 


cr 
___!___ 


When  any  of  the  "sper"  syllables  occur  in  the  middle  of  a 
word,  the  circle  and  hook  are  written  separately. 

exaggerate,  .n"^.  ___   disturb  ____  I  ____   express  ____  ^No--- 

l     ' 

Distribute  __  _L._  __  magistrate  __  ^/?-  __ 


When  found  more  legible,  the  large  "tra"  hook  may  be  used 
insted  of  "ster." 


•strata ) sturdy j scorch /__  scratch. 

I  OsV      • 

spurt f^ sprite 

WORD-SIGNS. 

*%>                                                                                       9 
express surprise.  __\a_  suppressjr\_ external J 


describe .  secure orr^_  consider .1.    .  sister _1. 


105 


LESSON  TWENTY-ONE 


"N"  HOOK  SYLLABLES. 


The  sound  of  "n"  when  ending  a  syllable  is  expressed  by 
a  small  hook  placed  at  the  end  of  all  syllables  on  the  LEFT 
side  of  DOWNWARD  strokes,  and  LOWER  side  of  HORI- 
ZONTAL strokes,  the  opposite  side  to  that  on  which  the  "f" 
hook  is  placed.  The  "n"  hook  can  be  attached  to  all  syl- 
lable stems,  differing-  from  the  "f"  hook,  which  is  attached  to 
straight  and  slanting  strokes  only. 

When  the  sound  of  "s"  follows  an  "n"  hook  syllable,  the 
circle  is  written  on  the  "n"  hook  side  of  straight  and  slanting 
strokes,  closing  the  "n"  hook  to  express  "ns."  On  curved 
strokes  it  is  written  within  the  "n"  hook. 


WRITE  FOR  CORRECTION. 

pain,  Spain,  pansy,  banjo,  bandbox,  bandit,  bandy,  bantam, 
tenant,  tend,  tendency,  tennis,  tense,  tenth,  tenure,  tinge, 
dandy,  density,  dental,  chance,  joiner,  enjoin,  disjoin,  candy, 
skinny,  dance,  danced,  chanced,  fans,  lines,  mens,  pertaining, 
department,  engine,  ton,  tonnage,  bonds,  documents,  amount, 
machine,  depend,  beacons,  obtain,  promontory,  written,  origin, 
accordance,  guaranteed,  bending,  specimens,  taken,  balance, 
assistance,  mine,  response,  line,  resistance,  evidence,  payment, 
funds,  depending,  wooden,  demanding,  manufacturers,  memo- 
random,  American,  kind,  shipment,  discount,  ocean,  agency, 
appointed,  certain,  thirteen,  cartons,  finest,  ornithological, 
menace,  Elgin,  stand,  pound,  obtain,  cotton,  abundant,  ben- 
zoate,  fountain,  organ,  Oregon,  gallon,  standard,  cement, 
supplement,  benefit,  means,  outline,  outlined,  London,  reckon, 
yarn,  mitten,  linen,  lingerie,  plain,  bones,  serpentine,  buttons,  finish, 
unfinished,  experiments,  garments,  decline,  splendid,  harden, 
iron,  Boston,  spinning,  minimum,  turpentine,  mineral,  wagon, 
endorsement,  pending,  installment,  applicant,  joining,  retain, 
thence,  fence,  lance,  insure,  substance,  Nevins,  flattened, 
fatten. 

106 


SYLLABLES   FORMED  WITH   "N"   HOOK. 
pe'n       ben       ten       den       chen       jen       ken       gen       ren 

.A-,-A—i—  J—  -.,/—  </-—-=—  =, 


hen       fen       ven       then      esn       shen       zhen       len       arm 


men      nen      wayn      yean      tenj       penth      tenth      denth 


"N"  HOOK  SYLLABLES  FOLLOWED  BY  SOUND  OF  "S" 
(Closing  hook  on  straight  and  slanting  stems). 

pens       bens      tens       dens       chens       jen.s       kens       gens 


rens       hens       fens       vens       thens       shens      lens       arns 


mens      nens      vvayns      yeans 


107 


On  shortened  syllables  the  "s"  circle  is  -read  last. 
pents       bents       tents       dents       chents       jents       kents 
A.  ______  ^  ______  <J  ______  <J  ______  -a/  _____  </.  -----  r»__ 

gents       rents       hents       fents       vents       thents       shents 

^  _____  Sa  _____  Vo  ______  6  _____  W. 


lents      ments      nents      waynts      yeants 


WORDS  CONTAINING  ABOVE  SYLLABLES. 

pan  __  j[  ___  pants  __  ^  ___  ten__J.  __  tents  __  <J  ___  dandy__J 

dents  ___  J  ____  chain  ___  tA-  __  chants__j/_  ___  Jane  ___  jj.: 

J~ 

jaunt  ______  cane.rr^  __  caned_jt?___  rain..^.  rai 


_^T  ___  Henry_^T_.._  fancy_s    __  fins  _____ 


faints__Sa.  __  shown  __  cJ~.  shines  ______  loan__/£__  lend  __  /?_ 


iron men_^^ meant..,^...  wane )i__  yawn_^ 

COMPARISONS  BETWEEN   "n"   HOOK  AND  "ny." 

\  \  I  \  J 

pen ^__  penny__\^^  tone___J."__  Tony.j^..^.  Jane__i/*__ 

Jennie_A.     _   fun_js^__   funny V^_^_  nine_^f__   ninny __'!__ 

mine " Minnie " r__  shown___<^ shiny_ 

108 


MONTHS    OF   THE   YEAR. 


January..^..   February.  V—,.  March /_ April_f\xr_ 

May__<rr* .June i</_ July Jsz_ August _^ 

ir^v   October  .rfV_    NovemberTx^  December <r>_ 


WORD-SIGNS. 


happen  ______  punishment__^»  ___  spoken_/^>  ___  behind  ____  „ 

/  J 

could  not._-3u_.  better  not_^/?__  is  at  hand_  _____  did  not  ____  . 


don't  ___  <i  ___  do  not  ___  j  ___  ,  general  ____  __„-  imagine  __  ^  __ 

question  ______  questions  ______  questionable.  _  A  _  begin  ____ 

f 


begun.  _m began..,^ remittance within. 

men.n^ man.^ra human circumstances si. 

circumstance i consequent consequence 

correspond.  _TT? correspondence. _T_r remain ^Xl 

deliverance d finance financial 1_  gentlemen 

season responsible. ^X_JL  advance. JL^ 


109 


BUSINESS  LETTERS. 


Gentlemen : 

We  hand  you  herewith  statement  of  your  account. 
Owing  to  our  great  loss  we  now  ask  you  to  make  every  effort 
to  help  us  out  of  our  shortage  by  sending  us  your  check  as  per 
statement  herewith  at  your  earliest  possible  moment. 

Yours  truly, 


Gentlemen : 

We  hand  you  herewith  statement  of  your  account 
which  is  somewhat  overdue.  At  this  time  we  must  urgently 
ask  that  you  give  our  request  a  favorable  response,  and  remit  as 
per  statement  herewith. 

Thanking  you  for  your  many  favors,  and  particularly 
this  one,  in  advance,  we  beg  to  remain, 

Very  truly, 


LESSON  TWENTY-TWO 


"W"  HOOK  SYLLABLES. 


The  syllables  having  the  sound  of  "w"  which  we  have 
taken  up  so  far  in  our  work,  have  been  syllables  commencing 
with  "w"  followed  by  a  simple  vowel,  expressed  by  semi- 
circles. 

The  syllables  we  take  up  in  this  lesson  have  the  sound 
of  "w"  in  conjunction  with  consonants. 

The  sound  of  "w"  in  the  syllables  "twa,"  "dwa,"  "kwa," 
"gwa,"  is  expressed  by  a  large  hook,  written  at  the  beginning 
of  the  syllable  stems.  This  large  hook  is  placed  on  the  right 
side  of  the  two  downward  strokes,  and  on  the  upper  side  of 
the  horizontal. 

The  sound  of  "w"  in  the  syllable  "wel"  is  expressed  by 
a  small  hook,  written  within  the  curve,  the  syllable  being 
struck  upward. 

The  sound  of  "w"  in  the  syllable  "wer"  is  expressed  by 
a  small  hook,  written  to  the  left  of  the  upward  stroke  "ry." 

The  sound  of  "w"  in  the  syllables  "wem"  and  "wen"  is 
expressed  by  a  small  hook  written  within  the  curved  strokes. 
The  difference  between  the  syllables  "mer"  and  "ner,"  and 
the  syllables  "wim"  and  "win"  is  that  "mer"  and  "ner"  are 
made  heavy,  and  the  syllables  "wem"  and  "wen"  are  light 
strokes. 

This  lesson  requires  a  great  deal  of  study. 

The  syllables  must  be  thoroughly  understood,  memorized, 
and  practiced,  in  order  not  to  confuse  them  with  other  syl- 
lables already  taken  up.  They  should  be  compared,  and 
practiced  until  the  correct  form  for  each  syllable  can  be  in- 
stantly written. 

in 


"W"   HOOK   SYLLABLES. 
twa      dwa      kwa     gwa      whel      wel      wer     wem      wen 


twed       dwed       kwed       gwed       weld        werd        wemd 

___Q  _____  _£ 


wend     twes     dwes     skwes     sgwes      swel      swer     swem 
_<^t  ____  b  ______  \o 


tweds       dwets       kwets        welts        werts        wemd 


wends       skwas        sgwa        swels       swers       kwip       kweb 


kwech       kwek       gwek        twich        twek        tweg        welp 


whelp      welch      welj      welk      welg      werk      werg  wemp 


dwel       twel        kweth        kwel        skwel        twing        twerl 


112 


whem       whemp      twest      dwest      kwest      gwest       welst 

D  ______  JL  ____  <^? 


werst      wenst      world      kwern 


WORDS. 


twaddle J twice t witter. __J. twilight.  _ll. 

quark- _C ._  quadruple _rrQ._  quaker_C__crr.  squeek." 

,     G-,  <~~-t=>\  CLj)  ^r— 

squash__,I,Z quiver wilderness queen 

equator_^r_3_«  quarto _1~_T_N__   quadrille_TI,}__   swindle __. 


tweezers. 


WORD-SIGNS. 

f  x- 

we  will  ___  _  ____  while^,  _______  well  ___  d  ____  when 

whence  _______  we  are  _______  where__£X_ 


aware__  /__  require,  XL  __  requirement  _,/_  __  wherewith 
wherever  _c<r__  ___  inquire  _________  commonwealth 


onward  ______   forward  __^X"_   whereof_tXT_ 


113 


WRITE  FOR  CORRECTION. 


twinkle,  twiddle,  twice,  twang,  tweak,  tweed,  dwill,  twill, 
qualify,  quadruple,  quail,  quake,  quality,  qualm,  quarry,  quart, 
quarter,  quarterly,  quartz,  weld,  welfare,  well,  welter,  wench, 
whale,  Welsh,  whelm,  whelp,  window,  swim,  words,  wind, 
twice,  squeeze,  swelter,  swear,  queak,  twitch,  tweak,  whelp 
(aspirate  "h"),  dwell,  worry,  twinge,  worst,  quest,  twist, 
whilst,  linquist,  wool,  Will. 


SENTENCES. 

While  you  are  busy  we  will  go  to  the  wharf  to  see  the 
ship. 

We  are  sure  he  will  find  a  sale  for  the  squash  if  he  will 
sell  them  for  a  quarter  of  a  dollar  apiece.  The  twill  is  of 
quadruple  quality  and  shall  be  made  into  a  Quaker  costume 
for  the  queen,  to  wear  at  the  fancy  ball. 

BUSINESS  LETTER. 

Dear  Sir: 

We  have  an  inquiry  for  ash  cans,  plain  galvanized,  with- 
out staves;  capacity  to  be  28  gallons;  no  covers.  Kindly  let 
us  have  your  best  prices  on  these  cans,  in  dozen  lots,  and 
oblige. 

Yours  truly, 


114 


LESSON  TWENTY-THREE 

THE  "SHUN"  HOOK. 

The  sound  of  "shun"  is  expressed  by  a  large  hook  which 
may  be  written  at  the  end  of  all  syllable  stems.  It  expresses 
the  syllables  "tion,"  "sion,"  "cion,"  "cian,"  which  end  such  a 
large  number  of  words.  It  can  be  placed  on  either  side  of 
straight  or  slanting  stems,  but  must  always  be  written  within 
curved  strokes. 

\\  hen  attached  to  syllables  commencing  with  an  "s" 
circle,  loop,  or  hook,  the  "shun"  hook  is  generally  written  on 
the  opposite  side  of  the  stem  to  that  on  which  the  circle, 
loop,  or  hook  is  placed.  The  "s"  circle  when  following  the 
syllable  "shun"  is  placed  on  the  inside  of  the  hook. 

When  the  syllable  "shun"  follows  "s,"  "ses,"  or  "ns," 
the  large  hook  is  not  written,  the  sound  of  "shun"  being  ex- 
pressed by  continuing  the  circle  half-way  on  the  other  side 
of  the  stem.  The  circle  and  small  hook  can  be  called  "sition" 


lor  convenience. 

WRITE  FOR  CORRECTION. 

education,  deduction,  visionary,  elimination,  assimilation, 
discussion,  rations,  legislation,  speculation,  extortion,  desig- 
nation, selection,  disposition,  imposition,  incision,  indecision, 
revolution,  proposition,  requisition,  requisitions,  quotation, 
operation,  inspection,  restrictions,  gravitation,  foundation, 
location,  application,  fiction,  functional,  declaration,  corporation, 
decoration,  mission,  preparations,  proportion,  variation,  edition, 
notification,  stipulation,  revision,  demonstration,  elongation. 

SENTENCES. 

The  lawyer  asked  for  information  in  regard  to  the  cross 
examination  and  expressed  dissatisfaction  at  the  publication 
of  the  case. 

The  papers  of  incorporation  were  returned  with  the  ap- 
plication attached  to  a  stipulation  relating  to  a  declaration 
with  a  request  for  proper  revision  in  the  manner  specified. 

BUSINESS  LETTER. 
Dear  Sir: 

I  herewith  enclose  specification  and  plan  for  the  instal- 
lation of  an  aerial  ropeway,  to  be  erected  from  the  terminus 
of  the  Harvard  Line  to  the  Government  Pumping  Station. 
Bids  to  close  January  9th,  1915.  Yours  truly, 

115 


PRONUNCIATION  OF  SYLLABLES  ENDING 
WITH  "SHUN:" 

peshun o beshun O teshun J 

deshun (J cheshun u_ jeshun____£>L 

keshun riD geshun TT3 reshun_^ heshun 

feshun.Ao veshun_.>O_ ithshun L theshun Jo 

leshun L_ arshun__xX. 

washun _^ yeshun (JL 


COMPARISON    OF   WORDS    SHOWING    HOW    THE 
"SHUN"  HOOK  IS  ADDED: 


stay  ___  t  ____  station  __  Jl  ____  no  ___  ^^  ___  notion  __ 
._^l_^  lotion__/j_  ___  ray__^^f___  ration  ___^:__ 

The  "shun"  hook  may  be  written  in  the  middle  of  words. 
dictionary^.     _  additional  ___  I  _  auctioneer  rr^rv    optional__\__ 

s        r 


The  "shun  hook  is  generally  placed  on  the  side  oppo- 
site to  a  vowel,  circle,  loop,  or  hook. 


section_?TD__  portion  __!\1_  relation  _6/__  depletion  .A.  ___ 
recollection  __/l_x___  expression  __  T^CX  __  specification  __j^__ 
proportion  _\\  ____ 


116 


When  the  sound  of  "s"  follows  the  sound  of  "shun"  the 
"s"  circle  is  written  within  the  hook. 


sections.  ^753.   sessions_£i operations  j\2   format  ion  sT^ 


e^>_ presentations  __V_^. locations./ 

19 

dedication  __| 

The  "shun"  hook  is  always  written  within  CURVES. 

»»_4 

novation  lT5o_-  invasion fashion__\O>__ 

nomination  CJ_~   elevation. /I    injunction.^;? 

When  the  sound  of  "tiori"'  folio  ~j  \,.t  sound  of  "s." 
"ses,"  "st,"  "ns,"  it  is  written  by  continuing  the  circle  half- 
way on  the  other  side  of  the  stem. 

The  circle  and  small  hook  formed  in  this  manner  is 
called  the  "sition"  hook. 

physician decision precision.  __:__  cessation.^ 

accusation  _.__  possession  _j^>_  position__Se_  sensations  & ^ 

WORD-SIGNS. 

objection __Nj__  attention.  I generation __6i_  mention _r~~i. 

information..^ situation  ..if satisfaction.  _P ^_,_ 

publication.  \ examination _^C7l__  consideration. __U__^ 

\j 

dissatisfaction JQ your  communication 0_ 

^  &  I 

f  .         r^ 

cross  examination _<cd».w_   illustrations dimension 

A      .       /\*                        ^\5 
reduction invention 


LESSON    TWENTY-FOUR 


TRIPLE  CONSONANT  SYLLABLES. 

A  triple  consonant  syllable  is  a  syllable  that  commences 
and  ends  with  a  hook,  thereby  placing  three  consonant  sounds 
in  one  syllable. 

A  vowel  placed  before  a  syllable  stem  beginning  and 
ending  with  a  hook,  is  read  before  the  stem  and  the  hooks. 
A  vowel  placed  after  a  syllable  stem  commencing  and  end- 
ing with  a  hook,  is  read  after  the  initial  hook  and  before  the 
final  hook. 

Triple  consonant  syllables  may  be  intervocalized  by  plac- 
ing a  dash  vowel  or  diphthong  through  the  syllable  stem; 
vowels  so  placed  are  read  between  the  initial  hook  and  the 
syllable  stem. 

WRITE  FOR  CORRECTION. 

equipment,  twine,  assistance,  approved,  quotation,  proportion, 
sustaining,  vibration,  geographic,  designations,  precision, 
decline,  vocalize,  vocalization,  visionary,  aggression,  cleaves, 
flounce,  cleanses,  cleans,  cleansed,  bronze,  trounced,  trounces, 
prance,  prances,  pranced,  trance,  trances,  glance,  glances, 
striving,  driving,  frown,  flown,  briefer,  print,  printed,  plant, 
planted,  quincy,  quince,  quinces. 

SENTENCES. 

After  a  long  deliberation  the  superintendent  stated  that 
the  blunder  was  unfortunately  made  by  his  secretary. 

She  frowned  and  glanced  at  the  torn  flounce  on  her  gown. 

He  approved  of  the  report  of  the  geographic  survey  made 
of  that  section  of  the  State. 

He  planted  the  branches  of  the  quince  tree  and  had  a 
visionary  idea  they  would  grow. 

A  knowledge  of  shorthand  added  to  her  equipment  as 
a  secretary  caused  her  to  be  promoted. 

118 


SYLLABLES  COMMENCING  AND  ENDING  WITH  A  HOOK. 

)__  p!ef_.Sv--   belf___\,_._   blef__Sso.._  telf__JL__ 
_C_-  chelf  ......   jelf__^._  kalv_&^__  klef__-s_>_. 

galv_£  _  a._  glev_>^»i_  perf__\x  __  pref  ___  \i__  berf_.__\,__ 
bref__\._  terf  ___!_.  tref  ___  !/__  cherf  ___  2  ___  jerf__£  ____ 

kerv__trrs._   krev_^rri_   gerf__rr?_   gref__CT^_   speri__Ai  __ 
spref  __  A>__  stref__l  ___  skerf  __  srrf*.  skref_^T__  pdn  __  _^__ 
plen  __  bi__  beln__^S__  blen_^  __  teln  ___  J  ____  deln  ___  J  ____ 

cheln___</___  jeln__(A  ___  klen..*^;,.  glen    ^  ^     flen__;s?__ 


reln_6/___  pern  __  _^>__  pren  ___  A_  bern  ___  ^  ___  bren  __  ^ 
tern  ___  1  __  tren__i/  ___  chern__4/__  jern  __  </._.  kern_C7? 
kren_cr3>__  gern__CT2_  gren_jrrt?__  fern__7^  ___  fren  ___  A 
them  __  J  ___  shern__i/__  mern__Cj>_-  nern_j^_a._  lern_.0_ 
spern  __  _i  ____    spren  ___  .i  ____    stern  ___  J  _____    stren  ___  J 
scern  __  ^T3>__.  sjern___<^  ___  skern  __  ^ir>__  skren__C?_ 
twef  __  Ju.__  dwef___\  __  kwef_c_-a_  gwef_^—  W>_  wer 
wherf_^*/__  twen  ___  I  __  dwen  __  J  ___  kwen_Cs^».  gwen_ 
weln__j^  ___  wern  __  £/?_<.„  sperns.J^  ____  sprens___^ 
strens^  ___  d  ___  skerns.^c^i  __   ferns  __  _L^>  ___  therns  __  ju. 
merns  __  c^>_  __  lerns  __  j^_  ___ 

119 


WORDS  CONTAINING  ABOVE  SYLLABLES. 

O  A  c -> 

bluff__\;_-  delve__L calve_i_>__  chit ,  glove__c^>_ 

deprave__j^ brief.... turf..!...  curve.cri.  cravej^Tl. 

<^  ^ 

strife scarf  ..icf*..  grarT__erf>__  plan__i>__  plenty. _^L. 

Elaine _X ,  clean J glean __'__-! mellon__C~>.__ 

prune Jk born...^..   branches..^ torn..] 

?__  green  _cr? 

L-^^l twenty__J queen..".." worn < 

spurn.__Ji. sprains & strains J* scorns. 

.sg 

ferns T^i._    frowns.!^  thorns_<a mourns_^s>_    learns.^. 

WORD-SIGNS. 

O  ^ 

blunder___>.      certain __tvi__  compliance darken Q 

deliberation J ,__   determine. _L determination. _L 

T  V 

ordinary I each  will  have which  will  have__^_ 

^>                                                       2, 
eternal ^j fortunate larger  than..?  _  shorthand 


significance significant superintendent.^ 

unfortunate it  will  have secretary _«t=/transfer__L_ 

120 


BUSINESS  LETTERS. 


Gentlemen : 

Kindly  let  us  have  your  best  quotation  on  one 
Compression  Tank  System  as  shown  on  page  118  of  your 
catalogue  L,  complete  with  measures.  Engine  to  be  3l/2 
horse  power. 

Yours  truly, 


Gentlemen : 

We  have  your  advice  that  you  have  in  stock 
one  wheel,  as  described  in  your  favor  of  the  21st  ultimo. 
Kindly  send  this  to  us  by  express  at  the  earliest  possible  mo- 
ment, with  additional  wheels  on  order. 

Yours  truly, 


Gentlemen : 

Kindly  advise  when  shipment  will  be  made  of  order 
now  in  your  hands  for  twenty  kegs  of  special  nails. 
Our  customer  is  urging  us  for  delivery,  and  threatens  can- 
cellation, so  we  trust  that  you  will  advise  us  that  nails  have 
already  gone  forward. 

Yours  truly, 


121 


LESSON  TWENTY-FIVE 


"IN,"  "EN,"  "UN"  TWIST. 

When  the  syllables  "in,"  "un,"  "en,"  precede  any  of  the 
"sper"  series  of  syllables,  or  the  syllables  "sen,"  "sesh,"  "ser," 
"sem,"  the  syllables  "in,"  "en,"  "un,"  may  be  expressed  by 
a  small  twist  or  half  circle,  turned  on  the  opposite  side  from 
the  "s"  circle  that  begins  the  above  syllables.  This  small 
twist  or  curl  may  be  written  in  any  convenient  manner  to 
form  the  following  syllable. 


WRITE  FOR  CORRECTION. 

unscrutable,  unsearchable,  unseemly,  unsettle,  unsightly, 
unscrew,  unscrupulous,  insolubility,  insobriety,  unseemly,  un- 
solicited, superannuate,  supercillious,  superdominate,  superla- 
tive, superannuate,  superinduce,  superior,  supercede,  super- 
stition, supervene,  "supervise,  supervisor. 


BUSINESS  LETTERS. 

Gentlemen : 

Your  account  has  now  reached  a  point  where  we 
are  not  in  a  position  to  extend  future  time  We  there- 
fore will  give  you  until  next  Monday  to  make  remit- 
tance. If  same  is  not  in  our  hands  by  that  time  action  will 
be  taken  without  delay. 

Yours  truly, 

Gentlemen : 

Replying  to  yours  of  the  10th,  you  may  tie  in  one  bundle 
the  three  Extra  Heavy  Malleable  Tees  and  forward  same  via 
American  Express.  You  may  also  secure  the  heavy  Malleable 
Ells  at  earliest  moment  and  forward  them  when  they  arrive. 

Yours  truly, 

122 


SYLLABLES  COMMENCING  WITH  "IN,"  "EN,"  "UN." 


_J^\  ___   insber__*^___   inster  ___  3l_^_    insder  ___  7 
inscher../?  ___   insjer  __  %~._.,    insker.^.  _____    insger 

insen_.  insesh        ?  _  insem_  inserjt'X.     insel 

>€_^  JJ~N~"  \ 

WORDS  CONTAINING  ABOVE  SYLLABLES. 


inspiration  _i\x^_.    instrument.  _^_  _____   unstrung_Y  ______ 

instruction.  4!      _  inscribing^IxV..  insult_^rr__  insolent.  -/^.-  . 
insolvent.  XTVj-  .insomnia  ______  answer.f^x  _ 

•«  'TT^^^c/  » 


The  syllable  '"super"  is  expressed  by  placing  an  "st"  loop 
on  the  "r"  hook  side  oT  a  syllable  -stroke. 

WORDS  COMMENCING  WITH  THE  SYLLABLES  "SUPER." 


supervise.A  _  supervene_.\  _  supercede_JV>__  superintend  JV__ 


WORD-SIGNS. 


in  expressing  _______  in  describing  _______  in  securing 

we  are  not  ______  in  consideration  _Jb  ___  unseasonable.  0  ___ 

unselfish  __  *£.__«.  unscriptura-1  ___  C  ____ 


123 


LESSON  TWENTY-SIX 


LENGTHENING  PRINCIPLE. 


Any  curved  stroke  may  add  the  syllables  "ter,"  "der," 
or  "ther,"  by  simply  lengthening  the  curved  stem  double  its 
usual  length.  For  convenience  these  lengthened  strokes  are 
read  as  though  the  syllable  "ter"  followed,  but  it  must  be 
understood  that  any  one  of  the  three  syllables  "ter,"  "der," 
or  "ther,"  is  expressed  by  the  lengthening  principle.  Con- 
text of  the  sentence  will  easily  give  the  correct  pronunciation. 


WRITE  FOR  CORRECTION. 

father,     mother,     surrender,     calendar,     cucumber,     chamber, 
matter,  smatter,  wonderful,  anger. 


BUSINESS  LETTER. 

Dear  Sir:  We  beg  to  acknowledge  receipt  of  your  let- 
ter of  the  21st  enclosing  order  No.  345.  We  are  sending  you 
enclosed  sample  of  the  heaviest  galvanized  hardware  cloth 
that  can  be  furnished  in  mesh.  The  regular  hardware  cloth 
does  not  come  any  finer  than  No.  10  mesh,  which  would  make 
the  mesh  a  little  less  than  1-8  inch. 

Yours  truly, 

Kindly  advise  us  which  of  these  you  can  use  and  we  will 
enter  your  order  for  same  with  as  little  delay  as  possible, 

Gentlemen :  We  have  your  order  of  the  18th  covering 
one  lock  set,  Concord,  Finish  11,  as  per  your  requisition. 
This  requisition  on  our  books  reads  "as  per  contract."  How- 
ever, we  think  that  your  order  calls  for  one  cylinder  front 
door  lock,  and  we  are  ordering  same. 

Yours  very  truly, 

124 


LENGTHENED  CURVES  ADDING  "TER,"  "DER"  or  "THER." 


fetter.  V   ___    vetter.    I  ___   thetter  ____  (  ___    setter^  \ 


shelter  __  _^_  __   metter^r^rr^..  letter.  _sl___  order 
A  lengthened  "emp,"  "emb"  adds  "per,"  "her." 


A  lengthened  "ang"  adds  "ker"  or  "ger." 
anger_^_  __.y_  longer  jC^^.  tinker  _\_^_  clinker.  , 


Hooked  stems  may  be  lengthened  in  the  same  way  as 
plain  stems. 


flatter. C  _  murder.^rrrxwonder^.. _ _^  shelter..^/  further.^ 


Comparison  between  words,  showing  how  the  lengthen- 
ing principle  adds  complete  syllables. 


lay_/f_ later. /_ laugh /_\^_  laughter /C\__ 

sender_q^__^  lie__^ lighter __*!___  sly slighter 

tender. j  _  order 


LESSON  TWENTY-SEVEN 

AFFIXES,  PREFIXES,  EXPEDIENTS. 

When,  the  syllables  "com,"  "con,"  "cog"  commence  a 
word  they  are  indicated  by  a  dot,  written  at  the  beginning 
of  the  word;  the  dot  should  be  placed  before  the  outline  of 
the  word  is  written. 

"compose,"   __^so__   "conduce," \;__   "cognition."- 


When  "com,"  "con,"  "cog"  occur  in  the  middle  of  a 
word  they  are  expressed  by  separating  the  preceding  from  the 
following  portion  as  in 


"accommodate,"  m_  "incomplete,"  _A_  "recognition."  «<^2 

The  syllables  "ing-ly"  may  be  expressed*i>y.  a  disjoined 
"ang," 

"exceedingly,"  rrf.    "accordingly,"     „_   "obligingly."   A__ 
~  2 

The  syllables  "counter,"  "contra,"  "contri"  are  expressed 
by  a  small  slanting  tick  written  just  before  the  word,  as  in 

"countermarch,"  ^_  "contradict,"  _1  __  "controversy."  .J?^. 


The  syllables  "circum"  and  "self"  are  expressed  by  a 
disjoined  "s"  circle,  written  close  to  the  word,  as  in 


"circumvent,"  j^..  "self-respect,"  ^.  "self-concious."  _J^A. 


The  syllables  "lessness"  may  be  expressed  by  a  disjoined 
"ses"  circle,  as  in  the  words 

"carelessness,"  <r-Q"thouehtlessness,"_J_   "harmlessness."^\r^ 

o 

The  syllable  "selves"  may  be  expressed  by  an  "ses"  circle 
joined  to  the  word,  as  in 

"ourselves," &  +  ..  _  "themselves."  __.vi._. 


The  syllables  "inter,"  "intro,"  "anti,"  when  commencing 
a  word  may  be  expressed  by  a  shortened  "en,"  as  in 


"interview,"    ...Jl^C  _______    "antiseptic."  ___  ^\  _______  ._ 

126 


The  syllables  "magni,"  "magna,"  are  expressed  by  a  dis- 
joined syllable,  "mi,"  as  in 

"magnify," ..^-.SjC "magnitude."    .       m_ 


The  syllable  "ship,"  or  word   "shipment,"  may   be   ex- 
pressed by  a  disjoined  "ish,"  as  in 

"friendship,"   __!^L   "courtship,"   __«-^_   "ownership."   _s^L_ 


The  syllables  "bleness"  are  expressed  by  a  disjoined  "bes." 
The  syllables  "fulness"  are  expressed  by  a  disjoined  "fes." 
The  syllables  "iveness"  are  expressed  by  a  disjoined  "ves." 


corruptibleness,    ____  ..,/\\  ___   salableness, 
sinfulness,   _____  _r  _______    extensiveness.    _____J.  ______ 


The  syllables  "mental"  are  expressed  by  a  disjoined  "ment," 
"supplemental"  ___§_-  .  "instrumental"  .  _JJ?__  _____ 

s~S 

The  ending  "hood"  is  expressed  by  "di,"  usually  joined. 

The  ending  "tility,"  or  "tality"  is  expressed  by  a  dis- 
joined "ti." 

The  ending  "barity"  is  expressed  by  a  disjoined  "bi." 
The  ending  "ology"  is  expressed  by  a  disjoined  "ja." 

fidelity,   barbarity,  phraseology,   mythology,   physiology, 


womanhood. < 

I 

127 


An  intersecting  "ti"  indicates  the  word  "attention"  as  in 
'your  attention." LL 


An  intersecting  "ka"  indicates  the  word  "company" ;  "Oil 
Company."  _ 


An  intersecting  "ish"  indicates  the  word  "Association" 
Brokers'  Association."  _J5tf  ______ 


An  intersecting  "sy'?  indicates  the  word  "Society"  ;  "Sun- 
shine Society."  ___  _?<^1  _____ 

An  intersecting  "ry"    indicates    the    word    "Railway"; 
"Southern  Railway."  ~-&l  ______ 


An  intersecting  "di"  indicates  the  word  "Department"; 
"Mailing  Department."  __  ^r^/il  _____ 

An  intersecting  "bi"  indicates  the  word  "Bank";  "Na- 
tional Bank."  ___v«^T_  ___ 

128 


INDEX 


PAGE 


Lesson  I.  Syllables  expressed  by  single  straight 

and  slanting  strokes  7 

Lesson  II.  Syllables  expressed  by  single  curved 

strokes 16 

Lesson  III.  Shortened  syllables  21 

Lesson  IV.  Word-Signs  and  Sentences  24 

Lesson  V.  Long  Vowels — Phrasing  26 

Lesson  VI.  The  Diphthongs  33 

Lesson  VII.  Short  Vowels  37 

Lesson  VIII.  Syllables  formed  by  joining  strokes.  41 
Lesson  IX.  Syllables  formed  by  joining  straight 

and  curved  strokes 48 

Lesson  X.  Syllables  formed  by  joining  two 

curved  strokes  59 

Lesson  XL  Syllables  commencing  and  ending 

with  "s"  circle 64 

Lesson  XII.  "Ses"  circle  syllables 70 

Lesson  XIII.  Syllables  commencing  with  "st"  loop  73 

Lesson  XIV.  "Ster"  loop  syllable 77 

Lesson  XV.  Aspirate  "h,"  "ing"  dot,  disjoined 

syllables  79 

Lesson  XVI.  The  coalescents 83 

Lesson  XVII.  The  "1"  hook  syllables  88 

Lesson  XVIII.  The  "f"  or  "v"  hook  syllables 94 

Lesson  XIX.  The  "r"  hook  syllables 96 

Lesson  X  X .  The  "sper"  syllables  103 

Lesson  XXI.  The  "n"  hook  syllables 106 

Lesson  XXII.  The  "w"  hook  syllables  Ill 

Lesson  XXIII.  The  "shun"  hook  syllables  115 

Lesson  XXIV.  Triple  consonant  syllables 118 

Lesson  XXV.  The  "in,"  "en,"  "un"  twist  syllables.  .  122 

Lesson  XXVI.  Lengthening  syllables 124 

Lesson  XXVII.  Affixes,  prefixes,  expedients 126 

129 


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UNIVERSITY  ot 
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LOS  ANGELES 
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